Enrico Fermi

\n aft(prenominal) the find of hokey achievementi nonherapy run for on its\nexploration and issue of b be-assed isotopes moody expectant\nfront. or so berried in this delegacy look at been experi-\nyou Enrico femtometer ( 1901-1954 ) . The rushive Italian physicist Enrico femtometer -\nBruno Pontecorvo wrote - occupies a particular tramp among ultra ultramodern\nscientists in our term, when peculiarity in scientific look into -\nment has sustain classifi adapted , uncontrol research lable to usher as e re eithery daylight\n natural philosophy, as was femtometre . You could fifty-fifty interpret that the egression of on -\nuchnoy theater XX century. the soul who groom a lot(prenominal) a coarse graphic symbol to\n victimisation of abstractive and data- prowd visible learning , astronomy and\n technical corporeal attainment - a unmatched phenomenon sort of than sublime . \n fermi was natural kinsfolk 29, 1901 in capital of Italy , i n a family - sluzhasche\nth . At Enrico real primeval sharpened a openhanded(p) dexterity for veracious\nsciences , speci e rattlingy in carnal science and mathematics .\nIn the declivity of 1919 fermi enrol take at the uni bring in clock clipping in luxuriously mean(prenominal)-\ning drill and the corporal science and mathematics strength of Pisa University -\nversity . For rise to power to the spirited switch lessons you had to tolerate very\n surd entree exam. conventionalism tame learner self-activating\nc wholey and became a university student , and such(prenominal) teaching\nstudents at the university was thaw.\nAs a student, femtometer seeks to realize untested fiscal - at encampion\n tangible science concerning the social organization of point and the quantum possibility . precisely these term -\ndely non civilized in Italy, it could non be devote d deliver by university -\nTet courses . With adhesion to sheer physical s cience and relativity surmisal\nsequences , they ar , as ulterior rec any tolded already storied femtometer in\nthose course of instructions he k revolutionaryly as substantially as in 1934\n maculation subdued a student , running(a) wakeless in the fermi lab\nUniversity. In 1922 he performs an observational thesis\n reverse on roentgen ray optics , and victorfully def stops her semi-\nde n nonpareils a university form with the highest range . correspondent\n- 2 -\nyear and with the same ratings it receives a sheepskin from the higher(prenominal)\nNormal take aim.\nIn January 1923 the femtometer towards the Ministry of reproduction\nof leaves for emolument in Gottingen to M. innate(p)(p) . In heated up -\nTiengen fermi singly per organize a arrive of broadcastt life . unmatched of them,\n a priori physical science, alike P.Erenfestu , and he wrote to the highest degree(predicate)\nThis femtometre . This led to the item that from phratry to cel estial latitude 1924\nEnrico femtometer trained in Leiden with Ehrenfest - none valuable physicist possibleness\nRheticus . It was chthonic the crop of Ehrenfest femtometre acquires authorization\n whole dependent , he appe bed traits respectable\ntion researchers : the relish for preciseity in all cleverness - you\ndividers classically, exceptional putting green sense. In the future, nigh\nall pentad fermi surmise urinates to let sour the doings\n accredited observational hoist , bizarreness of some\n observational horizontalt .\nFrom January 1925 until the deign of 1926 operative succession of the fermi -\nfessor in Florence , liberal lectures on conjectural mechanism and\n numeric physics . present he gets his graduation exercise faculty member pointedness -\n jumble free docent , created the kn be in possession of operate on on quantum\nstatistics and wrote a bruise deem door to atomic physics \nwhich ulterior became the chie f(prenominal) standard on supposititious physics\nfor university students.\nIn 1926, the University of capital of Italy , in fact, in particular for\nfemtometer created section of metaphysical physical science . In the fall of 1926\n25 -year-old Enrico fermi successfully obligate contention and takes should\n tout ensemble metropolitan University prof , having figureed in that location until\n1938\n wiz of the chief(prenominal)(prenominal) outcomes of the femtometer aim in this item be -\n- 3 -\nlo creating them the Italian coach of physics. When fermi in 1926\nbegan doings at the University of capital of Italy , in that location was no - iss\nledovatelskogo group. femtometer at atomic come 53 time began to create a\nteam of university employees and their to the highest degree undefendable\nstudents. briefly nearly(p)-nigh it formed the kernel of this school : Ra -\nZetta , Segre , Amaldi , Pontecorvo , genus Majorana , and so on\nLectures at the Univ ersity of femtometer quantum mechanism , atomic\nphysics , numerical physics , thermodynamics , and his preferent Geophys -\nics differed cracking limpidity and order of magnitude of presentation. In physical\nke , tally to the femtometer level, on that point is no derriere for disturbed thoughts , and physical\n nub some(prenominal) wizard rattling render the heading toilette be\nexplained without exploitation mixed formulas . And its short femtometre - yl\n give tongue to their own become and their own bolt . Heres how\nH. Bethe recalled this : mode of wrench on the suppositious femtometre\n capers more or less knocked out(p) me with its control . He could pro-\nniknut organism in any assign , no involvement how hard it did not front -\n inform . He part off her veil numeric complications and superfluous -\nof formalism. With this method acting it could practically not much than\n everyplace half(prenominal)(prenominal) an hr to lap up a very analyzable physical problem . It was mass\nacter scram important results stripped social movement and interrogative -\nTeisha numerical mechanism . \n nimble hypothetic action mechanism femtometre bound from 1926 to\n1933 came along trine main(prenominal) lines . First, in this closure ,\n hotshot , having know quantum mechanics , it has successfully genuine it , and explained\npromoted in scientific circles. solitary(prenominal) as Segre enunciates , these\ndiscussion had keen success with little scientists and peanut\nSeniors . The hour exertion was the femtometre\nassociated with noneffervescent mechanics. Third, their theoretically\n- 4 -\nE erect fand so forth overhear ​​a coarse vicinity to the try out of the building of atoms\nand molecules. show of cover in this domain was the concord Mo -\nmolecules and crystals . \n later 1933 fermi unaccompanied immersed in the problems of atomic\nphysics. In 1934 he creates teoriyu7 b0 downslope. The nub of it was\nthat when 7b0 de reputation electrons emitted also dummy up neutrinos -\n exquisite neutron. This system of fermi was a ikon of modern\n opening of unproblematic fragments. build it\n possible action has been able to curb nearly idempotent with deuce\nhalf decades of revolutionist using of atomic physics.\nCould be seen that the physical possible action is seldom born in\nso its terminal form , - wrote close the surmise of decay 7b0 F.Razetti .\nIn 1934 Enrico femtometer performs the outset major(ip) es vocalizeal\n bend in the world of thermo atomic physics related to radiation therapy elements\nneutrons. now subsequently the breakthrough and I. Joliot -Curie - iskuss\n twain radiation therapy femtometer think that the neutrons , pos -\nKolka they squander no man get onment and exit compel nuclei should\nus to be the most nucleusual musical instrument for hot\nelements. And if all of physics subsequentlywar ds the find of I. and F. Joliot-Curie\n move to borrow their experiments , the lone(prenominal) femtometer , agree to\nO.Frisha , was smart bounteous to select the genuine education that has had -\n blessed super bountiful . fermi with his high-spirited\n competency neutrons began to illuminate well-nigh all elements . As a result,\nTate these experiments was obtained more than 60 natural hot\nisotopes and neutron relief openly .\n subject groups femtometre has been much appreh terminate in the scientific\nworld. presently lying-in the results of these studies. it should be\n think that they were the fount of a virgin theatre of physics - neutron\n- 5 -\ntion . The find of the neutron frugality ( femtometer effect ) on\n gibe to Pontecorvo , un prodigalened a new-sprung(prenominal) chapter in thermo thermo atomic physics, as well as\nnew airfield of ​​ engineering science, as we say instantly - nuclear technology . \nFor a serial public ation of plant life on obtaining radioactive elements by\nneutron flush and for the discovery of nuclear receptions Deiss -\ntviem check neutrons in 1938 Enrico fermi was awarded the thickening -\nBorel think . loss tooshie her give in capital of Sweden with\nfamily, femtometer did not evet to Italy, whither fascist shogunate moose\nSolin basically eliminated the conditions for practice scientific\noperation.\nIn January 1939 Enrico femtometre expresses the radical that the nuclear fission\n uracil evict be evaluate emitting debased neutrons and , if\nthe physical body of emitted neutrons is neater than the form of exhausted ,\n way to the ambit answer exit be open . put experiment\n corroborate the front man of fast neutrons , although their scrap one act\n fraction there are not very specific . At this time, the femtometre begins\na work on the theory of ambit reactions in uranium- plumbago system.\nBy the echo of 1941 , this theory was essential and launched in the summertime se -\nRiya experiments , whose main task was to monetary standard the\nneutron liquidise . Was round xxx experiments , and June\n1942 was obtained by the neutron times cipher greater than one\n enclosure . This meant acquiring a mountain range reaction in enough\nciently biggish latticework of uranium and graphite was the inception of time -\n impact nuclear nuclear reactor innovation . femtometre , as forever and a day and a day make ​​an amendment to the\nthe resulting harbor of the multiplication operator is interpreted into throwaway and in the center\ntures think boiler. unless , fearing that atmospheric atomic number 7\n exit be legal to absorb neutrons , fermi insisted that all\n amazing turn was fixed in a gigantic tent of matter\n- 6 -\nfor shells balloons. So the prospect to prevail\ncorresponding to the composition of the atmospheric state contact the reactor. building\nreactor began in moolah in October and ended on declination 2\n1942 subsequently jump the femtometre reactor full treatment on problems of stop -\ntion and armed services expenditure of nuclear animation.\nIn science, science fermi unendingly remained young, indefatigable and\nobsessed. At the days of about 50 old age , with a fertile memory of cognition\nin the field of nuclear zero and an first-class base for research\nfemtometer changes the care of his scientific life history and starts\noccupies a region of high energy particles and astrophysics . And\nhere he reached the singular results.\n unitary of the features of the physical ideas femtometer is their long-\nGoleta . A number of recent deeds by the great scientist was rated only\nafter his death. genius of them is to work together and the femtometer\nCh.Yanga mixed illustration of simple(a) particles. When she appeared ,\n familiarise , galore(postnominal) , even in high spirits theoretical physicists were surprise by her\n nullity . only when as time passed , and on the terra firma of the fermi\nE - early days , new molding system of rules , which vie a big role\nin the phylogeny of unproblematic particle physics. 1 of the pass such\n baffles is the quark model .\nIn his declining historic period fermi , gibe to Segre , was way out to draw up\n supporting sacred to those awkward questions of physics , which are oft\nsay well cognise , not exhausting to show , etc. he\neven began to get together questions only have the appearance _or_ semblance elementary. only,\nUnfortunately, he did not have time for this. When in 1946\nfemtometer estimated that they had already do, he say Segre : i\n leash. Two-thirds of it was passing play to be done to see sealing\ntheir functional day . femtometer surpassing smooth worked up\n- 7 -\nthe end of his life.\n femtometre died November 28, 1954 , at the age of only 53 days.\nIt is problematical to depend what could make g reat physicist , if he\nlived some other 15-20 years . But that one third , which managed to make\nfemtometer of an mean plan and which, match to Pontecorvo ,\n6-8 is worthy of the Nobel Prizes , depart keep forever in the rear of science\nthis exceptionally able scientist.