Hank Williams

Hiram King Williams, also known as Hank Williams, was born on September 17, 1923 in Mount Olive, Alabama. His dad was Lon Williams, a locomotive engineer. His mom was Lillie Williams, a church organist. Hank spent most of his childhood in Georgiana and Greenville, Alabama. Hank Williams was a key person in the development of modern country music. He caused a shift in country music from a regional, rural phenomenon to a nationwide, urban acceptance in the late 1940’s. He turned â€Å"hillbilly† music into country music. He became interested in music at a very early age. He learned to play the organ from his mother. He could also play the harmonica. His mother gave him his first guitar when he was eight. His father walked out on the family when Hank was a young child. It became the responsibility of his mother to raise Hank and his siblings. She was a very strong willed woman. He attended Sidney Hanier High School in Montgomery. He quit school when he was 16 years old. He was raised as a fundamentalist Baptist. The music and sermons from his childhood had influenced him. â€Å"My earliest memory† Rolling Stone writer Ralph J. Gleason (as quoted by William’s biographer Colin Escott) â€Å"is sittin’ on that organ stool by her and hollerin’. I must have been five, six years old and louder’n anybody else. † In 1937, Hank’s mother opened a boarding house in Montgomery. Hank helped the family income by shining shoes, selling newspapers, and peanuts on the street. This is where he met Rufus Payne, a black man, known as Tee-Tot. He taught Hank to play the guitar. He would follow him around on the street begging him to teach him to play. He would pay him 15 cents or whatever he had for a lesson. Payne also helped him overcome his shyness. He is the one that the blues influence came from. He made his very first radio performance at the age of thirteen. He formed his first band when he was fourteen years old. I was called Hank Williams and his Drifting Cowboys. He began wearing cowboy hats and western clothes. He sang without amplification and above the sounds of the band. He developed a full throated style of singing. It was similar to Roy Acuff from the Grand Ole Opry. Hank was turned down for the military service because of his back problems. Near the end of the war he began pursuing his musical career again. He started performing at dances nd local events. He also started playing at â€Å"honky tonks†. These were rough and rowdy beer joints that the city’s new comers went to. Williams began abusing alcohol. This problem haunted him the rest of his life. It was partly because of him trying to self medicate the terrible back pain that was caused by a congenital spine disorder. When Hank was 20 years old he met Audrey Mae Sheppard. She was a single mother and separated from her husband. She and Hank married after her divorce was final. They were married by a justice of the peace at a gas station near Andalusic, Alabama in December 1944. They had a child Hank Williams, Jr. in 1949. Hank and Audrey visited Nashville to meet Fred Rose, the head of Acuff-Rose Publishing. The meeting resulted in the recording of â€Å"Never Again† and â€Å"Honky Tonkin’†. This led to signing a contract with MJM. Rose became his manager and record producer. â€Å"Lovesick Blues† became Hank’s trademark tune. It began with a yodel. It spent a year on the charts, including sixteen weeks at the top. He suddenly found himself on a roll. He quickly recorded two more songs, including â€Å"Mind Your Own Business†. They say this song was aimed at his wife. Audrey began to push for more of her own spot in the stardom as he became more famous. They had recorded several sets and she had played with the band some. It was said that her voice was shrill and tuneless. They also said that she didn’t have a very good sense of time. In 1950, he had more successful songs. He also released a series of religious songs with his wife. He used his connections to get a recording contract for her with DECCA. They were not as successful. H recorded his religious narrations talking blues under the name â€Å"Luke the Drifter†. Luke the Drifter walked with Hank Williams and talked through him. These recordings were the closest Hank Williams came to bearing his soul. Hank’s musical career was very successful, but his personal life was falling apart. This was mostly caused by his alcohol abuse that was intensified by his rocky relationship with his wife. This found its way into the words of his songs about heartache, heartbreak, and the break- up of relationships. Hank and Audrey divorced in 1952. As he began to earn more money and spend longer periods of time away from home he began to drink more frequently. While on a hunting trip in Tennessee, he tripped and fell re-hurting his back. He began taking morphine and other painkillers to help control the pain. He quickly became addicted. Following a short tour in Texas, Hank, returned to Montgomery in December to rest before going to Canton, Ohio on January 1, 1953. He was scheduled to play in Canton. Charles, a friend and his driver, was stopped for speeding on their way to Canton. The police officer saw Hank in the car and thought he looked like a dead man. He was then taken to a West Virginia hospital and was declared dead at 7:00 a. . He had died in the back seat of a Cadillac on his way to the concert. He was buried three days later in Montgomery. There was a record crowd attending. His last single released before he died was â€Å"I’ll Never Get Out of This World Alive†. It reached number one immediately after his death. In 1953, they continued to release his records that hit number one including â€Å"Your Cheatin’ Heart† Hank Williams was a recording artist for only 6 years and recorded 66 songs under his name (more under Luke the Drifter and with Audrey). Out of the 66 songs 37 of these were hits. Bibliography http://www.allmusic.com/artist/hank-williams-p138231/biography http://britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/644353/Hank-Williams?sections=644353

Challenge of Training Global Workers Education_revised final

Challenge of Training Global Workers: Education Recently, globalization has become more and more common in everyday business and world politics. Different countries can contact each other easily allowing foreign trade to flourish, but, with the ease of communication and travel comes some issues that should be accounted for, for example, before hiring workers from different countries, you need to get to know their individual culture, which in turn would be beneficial in training them.There are too many problems with global workers, as we know, training a global employee requires the company to rely on a mass of vigor, manpower, and financial ability, so it is not easy to do business in foreign countries. In my opinion, the key to success of a company is its workers, even though business strategies are made by the leaders, it is the workers who turn these ideas into products and services. And the quality of products and efficiency of labor are the critical factors are indispensable in the company's prosperity. However, training the higher-qualified workers is not as easy as it appears.Diversity, language, educational background, and religion are all important aspects of international workers that quire not only training, but adjustment to the new country and way of business. The business world has witnessed the globalization of different cultures over the decades. It is inevitable for people from different backgrounds having opposite opinions on the same things. Maybe you tell them they should do it in this way, but they think they can't do it in your way, because it's not allowed in their culture. As a transfer student coming from China, Vive been here for about 2 years.So I know the differences between China and America, such as social structure, collectivism vs.. Individualism, business relations, freedom of speech, etc. As I know, China has a very formal and hierarchical social structure that extends to business, institutional and family life. In my homeland, my education and culture teach people that they must follow elders' advice, even if they make the wrong decision, but in America, they could talk equally and exchange ideas without much consideration for identity and to pick up the one decision that suits them best.With collectivism and individualism in China, people always consider others more than themselves. Before Chinese people cake decisions, they always consider what they can do to satisfy others. In America, people consider themselves more than others. American people prefer to consider what they can do to get the most profit for themselves. Considering freedom of speech, as I said, Chinese people always consider others more, so before they speak, they always think about how should they express themselves to avoid to hurt others. In America, people can express themselves freely.They don't need to consider whether this conversation is suitable or not. So diversity would be a challenge for raining international workers. Secon dly, language is another challenge due to the rising trend of globalization, international companies are more likely to hire workers from developing countries. This results in the difficulties of communication. People need to communicate with others that they can express their idea and exchange them. Sometimes they can combine them to think out a better idea. Also when they communicate, they should notice the way to speak, because most conflicts are caused by lack of communication.The world today is not only globalizes in terms of companies and products, but errors as well, and with that, comes difficulty for managers to see eye-to-eye with their workers when training them. With the vast differences of cultures and levels of education, overseas workers could bring new ideas to the table, or, it could adversely slow development and production for companies. Entirely dependent on the type of industry, an international worker might not be able to comprehend the culture of another count ry that can make or break a product's appeal to the consumers.Creativity and Ability are two entirely different attributes that a worker can have, and it's up to their educational background to determine which will take precedence and will be their strength or weakness. The easiest way to show these differentiation in skill assets is the influences of the American and Chinese education systems on their students. Boiled down, Ghana Ruffian, a Chinese student studying in the U. S. Says â€Å"Back in China I learned about gravity from a Powering slide†¦ That's it. † (2013).China's Education system is less about application and firsthand experience, and more about data and memorization of formulas. Tests and exams replace lab experiments, and codebooks replace classroom discussions. In Mining, director of the Shanghai Education Commission's basic education department, stated at an education convening in Shanghai, â€Å"When American high school students are discussing the l atest models of airplanes, satellites and submarines, China's smartest students are buried in homework and examination papers,†¦ † (2012).In explicitly states the stark difference between American and Chinese education, which to the very educators themselves, know is a problem. In the United States, we imagine high school and university science classrooms as avian 2 or 3 person shared desks, with lab equipment scattering the classroom, from beakers, to Bunsen burners, and even having dissecting tables in a stack in the back of the room. In China the same classroom would have individual desks, and the most colorful object in the room might be a AD molecular model made of toothpicks and colored cotton balls.A student's education is not dependent on the school's department's ideas of what should be taught, but what is tested in the infamous GAO college entrance test. If it is not in the entrance exam, it is not needed in the lassoers, and since lab experiments are not tested , schools in China will not spend money on lab equipment. â€Å"On a 2009 standardized test that drew worldwide attention, students in Shanghai finished first in the sciences among peers from more than 70 countries, while the United States came in 23rd†¦ † (Levin, 2013).Chinese censorship and limitations inversely affect the country's ability to be creative and increasing individual freedom of expression seems to be near impossible. Without political and social restraints, China could slip below that 1st place mark, but in the end, is being #1 truly the best? Having not produced any Nobel Prize winners in the past, is being number one truly the best thing? Without having students think outside the box, China will surely plateau in terms of science and innovation. If a Chinese graduate comes to the U.S. And works for a tech company that relies on innovation and engineering, the manager would find that despite the Chinese worker's high test scores, asking him to come up wi th a new idea would simply be too much. China must foster innovation before it can truly call itself a world leader in technology and science. Chinese students can complete the most difficult math equations ever deemed possible a million times over, but if they cannot simply find new ideas and create new things, then China will go nowhere. Most students in the U. S. Therapeutically think of Chinese students as walking, talking calculators†¦ And sadly they are not far from the truth. Ghana Ruffian's mother explains her reasons for sending her son to high school abroad as â€Å"l didn't want my son to become a book-cramming robot,† (2013) But even with the issue of innovation in Chinese education, why then, are Chinese workers sought after in the Job market? If Chinese workers can't innovate, their next best attribute, thanks to the Chinese education system, is their efficiency and dedication to getting the answer as soon as possible and with as few mistakes as possible.To Chinese workers, the answer is the priority, and the question is Just an obstacle. In America, where questions are encouraged, living here can make a lot of workers become overwhelmed by how many flaws their American counterparts make. So who is truly behind? American workers in China are equally sought after, with the rowing western culture in China and other Asian countries, as such, Americans are just as easily wanted as Chinese workers are in America for their ability to be creative and innovative.Another aspect in the training of international workers that could make or break any good manager-worker relationship that is more far-reaching than culture, but more impacting, is the different in religion. To the business world, profit and production take control of business culture, and a company's workers are expected to understand this. For example, all workers in a company are required to show up for ark, wear clothes according to a dress code, or even come to work on specific d ays.This is extremely touchy in the event that a new international worker might be hired. When considering other cultures, it also requires the consideration of the culture's religion, or else there would be drastic deficiency in training the workers, and you could also inadvertently offend his religion. If a manager is not well educated in world cultures, most workers will overlook this and understand their misconceptions, however it seems that in this day and age, if a manager does not understand elisions beliefs, it tends to be more offensive.If a manager has a new international worker come work on Saturdays, when it is expected that he should know his new worker practices his recognized religion on Saturdays, it could cause some cultural or even legal issues with the company policy. † Overall, the incidence of workplace conflicts and discrimination over religion seems to be a fairly significant issue, (Gibson 2013) Thanks to globalization and business culture becoming more international, cultures can mix easily without too much hesitation, but to say that without talking bout education backgrounds is something to be argued.Is it Chinese culture to study the way they do now? Or will the culture change as soon as the demand for innovation becomes more prevalent in the future? With workplace diversity comes intermixing of ideas, but in the case of western development, it seems that the need for Chinese workers is not strictly for exchanging of ideas, but to increase workplace efficiency and accuracy. If China becomes more open to innovation and creativity, would Chinese workers be less sought after? Reference Bennett, R. (n. D). Difference Between American & Chinese Culture. How.

Application for the Use of Human Research Participants Essay

Application for the Use of Human Research Participants - Essay Example Signed materials can be submitted by mail, fax (434-522-0506), or email (scanned document to irb@liberty.edu). Signed materials can also be submitted via regular mail or in person to our office: Campus North, Suite 1582. Please be sure to use the grey form fields to complete this document; do not change the format of the application. You are able to move quickly through the document by using the â€Å"Tab† key. Note: Applications with the following problems will be returned immediately for revisions: 1) Grammar/spelling/punctuation errors, 2) A lack of professionalism (lack of consistency/clarity) on the application itself or any supporting documents, 3) Incomplete applications. Failure to minimize these errors will cause delays in your processing time. II. BASIC PROTOCOL INFORMATION Protocol Title:  ?UNDERSTANDING THE EXPERIENCES OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES WHO DID NOT COMPLETE HIGH SCHOOL  Principal Investigator (PI): Richard Warner Wieringo Professional Title:  Sch ool/Department: Liberty University School of Education Mailing Address: 125 Woodgate Court APT 2C, Charlottesville, VA 22901 Telephone: (434) 251-2255 LU Email: rwweringo@liberty.edu Check all that apply:  Faculty  Graduate Student  Undergraduate Student  Staff This research is for:  Class Project  Master’s Thesis  Doctoral Dissertation  Faculty Research  Other (describe):  Have you defended and passed your dissertation proposal?  Yes  No  N/A If no, what is your defense date?  Faculty Advisor: Verlyn Evans, Ed.D, Chair  School/Department: Liberty University School of Education Telephone:  LU Email:  Non-key Personnel: Name and Title:  School/Department:  Telephone:  LU Email:  Consultants: Name and Title: Dr. Russ Yocum School/Department: Graduate School of Education Telephone: (434) 592-5462 LU Email: ryocum@liberty.edu Liberty University Participants: Do you intend to use LU students, staff, or faculty as participants in your study? If you do not intend to use LU participants in your study, please indicate â€Å"no† and proceed to the section titled â€Å"Funding Source.† If yes, please list the department and classes you hope to enlist, and the number of participants you would like to enroll.  No  Yes   Department Class(es) In order to process your request to use LU participants, we must ensure that you have contacted the appropriate department and gained permission to collect data from them. Please obtain the original signature of the department chair in order to verify this. Signature of Department Chair Date Funding Source: If research is funded please provide the following: Grant Name (or name of the funding source):  Funding Period (month/year):  Grant Number:  Anticipated start and completion dates for collecting and analyzing data:  III. OTHER STUDY MATERIALS AND CONSIDERATIONS Does this project call for (more detail will be required later): Use of voice, video, digit al, or image recordings?  Yes  No Participant compensation?  Yes  No Advertising for participants?  Yes  No More than minimal

Hip-hop scholarly notes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hip-hop scholarly notes - Case Study Example ssay I will try to find out if sexism has anything to do with hip hop at all, analyze what things hip hop artists tend to accentuate in their lyrics and, finally, touch upon the issues of responsibility of hip hop artists for what they do. There is no doubt that sexism, which is typically more of a discrimination against women, is degrading. Unfortunately, there is ample evidence that sexist ideas are being exploited by hip hop artists to a certain extent. The harsh truth is that hip hop is mainly focused on sexist ideas because it sells well. And this, in turn, involves another issue, namely, the things that mainstream culture tolerates and things it rejects. The question is whether disruptive content is a problem of hip hop per se or simply a part of a highly commercialized music industry that is willing to accept things that may demean women, for instance (Rose 122). On the other hand, one may assume that honest narrative of hip hop lyrics, which may turn to sexist motifs from time to time, is actually about freedom of expression that allows reflecting a real state of things within our society. In fact, hip hop relies heavily on sexism as one of its topics. Yet at the same time, it might as well help young people f ocus on the problem and realize how to deal with it in reality. According to Rose, it is much easier to fight sexist ideas in hip hop than tackling sexist culture as a whole (150). In order to solve a problem one needs to identify it first, and hip hop serves this educative function pretty well. Obviously, hip hop is rather a consequence than a source of the problem here. Hip hop is, probably, the only popular music genre where autobiographical nature of lyrics prevails and is valued for (137). In their lyrics hip hop artists try to touch upon things they have been through themselves; in fact, hip hop is often perceived as an opportunity to speak up about the aspects of urban life that other music genres traditionally pay little attention to or none

Disaster Recovery Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Disaster Recovery Planning - Essay Example The changing situation of the world and the realities which we live in a post 9/11 world has made sure that essential services such as police and hospitals continue to function in situations where the disaster is created rather than imposed. While the organization has plans on how to deal with storms, weather disasters and other calamities, the focus of the body is more on providing assistance to others rather than understanding how it can continue to function even if the building becomes inaccessible. However, it seems that the people at the organization understand that a continuity plan is simply essential for handling situations when our greatest fears are turned into reality. For these situations we have a continuity plan which comes into play when internal or external factors make it necessary for us to resort to emergency actions in order to continue providing services. In our case, the level of the threat and the level of the disaster will engage our continuity plan to the level required. For example, if our database integrity is damaged or information security is compromised we can use backups which are stored on location or restore from an earlier point in the week from our offsite data backup location. This process is in line with the suggestions made by Britt (2005) who recommends a modular stepwise plan for disaster recovery as being the most effective. That is how our continuity plan functions once an assessment about the disaster has been made.

Wrist Tendinosis among Blue-Collar Workers Article

Wrist Tendinosis among Blue-Collar Workers - Article Example The report tries to show a study of this problem among those who have blue collar jobs. The report involved the study of workers who had performed jobs involving hand intensive manual work and were involved in more than four tasks in the day. The whole study took 28 months and it was designed to investigate the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and factors which cause the problem at workplaces. The interview assessed several aspects of work, these included the following; history about previous employment, organizational factors, and pain in various parts of the body especially the upper body and the wrist. During the process of doing the research, a physical medical examination was conducted on the arm and the interview was conducted in the language that the participants preferred. The physical examination was conducted by a licensed physical therapist and it involved identification of eleven disorders that are related to the wrist. Main signs that were identified during the examination included: swelling, redness, crepitance of the wrist as well as tenderness to palpation. After the initial physical examination had been conducted, a periodic follow up was done after every four months. The interview involved collecting information about changes in jobs, for instance, change in stress, tasks and also over time. Conditions of the wrist were also checked to asses whether there were any changes in the level of pain. The ability of the wrist to conduct work, type of medication that the workers were using and healthcare were also inquired. After the research, survival analysis was conducted the entire variable in the data. The variables were divided into tertiles on the basis of the number of cases, that is, the highly exposed, medium and low exposure groups.

Television Addict by Marie Winn Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television Addict by Marie Winn - Assignment Example She first gives the pleasurable symptoms of television addiction, and confirms the same through a sample individual confession. In the essay, she also gives various examples of how significant television addiction influences peoples lives in more negative ways that commonly imagined by the victims themselves; an indication of how the victims sense of reality. In explicit statements, she is categorical that addicts tend to ignore all other productive activities in order to stay put in front of their screens, to which they cannot master enough strength to turn off for countless. The thesis statement of the easy can, therefore, be stated as follows: Television experience is as serious enough as any other addictions of hard drugs, for they not only activate pleasurable effects that inactive mental state of reality, but does well to destroy an individual’s worth through withdrawal from being objective in life. The author switches from discussing addiction in general terms to talking specifically about addiction to television in paragraph six. She, in fact, informs the reader more directly by stating clearly what follows in the very paragraph, that: â€Å"Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.† Indeed right after the statement, Winn jumps straight away to the symptoms of television viewing that makes it an addiction like those of alcohol or other drugs. To be certain, she argues that television viewing distorts the victim’s sense of reality, forcing the participant into a passive world of pleasurable mental state, to which they completely have no control over. From the point on, the author talks specifically to the readers over television addiction, more particularly with regards to the Vitim’s control ability to limit hours spent in front of television screens. Marie follows her discussion of the symptoms of television addiction with a sample

Purpose of strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Purpose of strategy - Essay Example An effectively formulated strategy ensures that the resources, capabilities and competencies of the firms are integrated and allocated properly so that their alignment with the external environment works to the advantage of the firm. A basic requirement for the effective usage of strategies to the organizational advantage is the collection and analysis of a host of information about so many variables including markets, customers, technologies, changes in the worldwide financing structures and methods and also changes in the world economy. With this background this paper discusses the nature and organizational purpose of strategies. While detailing the rationale behind the strategic changes the paper also brings out a note on the formulation of strategies based on some strategic thinking process. There are various elements that make the orgnisational systems function effectively. Out of these systems some are considered important and contribute more towards the organizational success. As such these elements are complex in nature and need to be prioritized than the others. These elements form the basis of an organizational framework and add value to the organizational existence and purpose. ... Thus it can be said that strategy is an organizational process inseparable from the structure, behaviour and culture of the company in which it takes place. 3.0 Organisational Purpose of Strategies: "Purpose is derived from a person's or organisation's values and beliefs. It is defined in emotional and relational terms, and remains a constant even when the environment changes over time". (Ilia Van Roon) The strategies define the goals of an organization in terms of the direction in which the organization should march ahead. Goals are formulated in response to and in tune with the changes in the competitive environment in which the firm operates. The goals are often defined in quantitative or qualitative terms that drive organizational efforts to success. Thus strategies have the purpose of defining the organizational goals in both monetary and non-monetary terms. "Organisational vision yields an understanding of what the organisation intends to do; strategy is a translation into how the organisation intends to realise its vision" Successful organizations always are purpose driven, having identified the organizational purposes, aligned their goals, actions, responses and relationships with the purposes. Strategies defining the organizational purposes are required to motivate the people by using goal oriented language to relate the people's cognitive and emotional sides to make them understand the organizational purposes and coordinate their efforts towards achieving them. 4.0 Nature of Strategy: The strategy of a firm is the match between its internal capabilities and its external relationship. It also describes about the nature of its responses to its other stakeholders like the customers,

Army Overseer Tells of Ouster over KBR Stir Essay

Army Overseer Tells of Ouster over KBR Stir - Essay Example According to this article, conflict between the KBR and American Army a rose when Mr. Smith an Army official failed to approve KBR payments claiming that the expenses were not justified. This article highlights that the conflict between American Army and KBR would pose impacts on society. KBR put it that if the government failed to pay the debt, it will no longer provide services. If this happened, American troops will not be able to fight their opponent hence the society will run out of protection (Army, 6/17/2008). On the other hand, if Mr. Smith had approved payments for goods and services that were never supplied it would have been a misappropriation of tax payers efforts. Considering the fact that this army official was holding a public office, he was right to protect misuse of public funds through halting these payments. His actions, although might have some negative impacts on the war, were ethical. The role of KBR Company in the business field is to provide American troops wi th essential services such as housing, food among others during the time of war. The case in this article can be regard as a market failure simply because KBR lacked knowledgeable auditors who could keep proper records. Further more, if the KBR Company was serious in its business it would have met the customer’s needs by providing the US troops with all that they had been contracted to supply. The government might have failed to some extend in its tendering policy because in order to award such a sensitive tender they should have scrutinized the bidding company to ascertain its credibility. This should have involved the analysis of KBR’S performance in the past and its capital to determine whether it could afford to finance those supplies of goods and services. The government has a role to ensure that the American troops access credible services from KBR. The government failed to ensure that KBR provided quality services. It must have auditors who could audit what has been spent on the troops. The policy that the Army or the government should hire external auditors on their operations ought to be changed because it does not portray an aspect of integrity. KBR lacked evidence that the amount due payment was genuine because it does not have credible records of its expenditure (Army, 6/17/2008). The government should also check on its tendering policy which had led to picking such a company for the supplies. The kind of policy that should be formulated for such situations should be able to evaluate suppliers before warding those sensitive responsibilities. On the other hand, the government should lay down strategies that would see suppliers who fail to adhere to their contracts, compensating for any inconveniences caused. In this way, suppliers who enter into contracts with any arm of the government would be afraid of such consequences and hence fulfill such contracts in time. Groups Sue after E.P.A fails to shift Ozone Rules This article focuses on the Obama administration and the Ozone rules. It is an amusing article in that it highlights the rejection of the proposed new standard by President Obama and his administration. According to this article, the Ozone rule set by the President Bush was 75 parts per billion. Lisa P. Jackson wanted to shift the standard from75 parts per billion to 70 parts per billion mainly to reduce risks on people health. Earth justice, the natural Resource defense, the Environmental

Historical cost accounting Essay Example for Free

Historical cost accounting Essay Advantages †¢Historical cost accounts are straightforward to produce †¢Historical cost accounts do not record gains until they are realized †¢Historical cost accounts are still used in most accounting systems Disadvantages †¢Historical cost accounts give no indication of current values of the assets of a business †¢Historical cost accounts do not record the opportunity costs of the use of older assets, particularly property which may be recorded at a value based on costs incurred many years ago †¢Historical cost accounts do not measure the loss of value of monetary assets as a result of inflation. Current purchasing power accounting Advantages †¢CPP method adopts the same unit of measurement by taking into account the price changes. †¢Under CPP method, historical accounts continue to be maintained. CPP statements are prepared on supplementary basis. †¢ CPP method facilitates the calculation of gain or loss in purchasing power due to the holding of monetary items. †¢CPP method uses common purchasing power as measuring unit. So, the comparative study is easy. †¢ CPP method provides reliable financial information for taking management decision to formulate plans and policies. †¢CPP method ensures keeping intact the purchasing power of capital contributed by shareholders. So, this method is of great importance from the point of view of the shareholders. Disadvantages †¢CPP method considers only the changes in general purchasing power. It does not consider the changes in the value of individual items. †¢CPP method is based on statistical index number which cannot be used in an individual firm. †¢ It is very difficult to choose a suitable price index. †¢CPP method fails to remove all the defects of historical cost accounting system. †¢The use of general price index for CPP method is questioned. While general price index deals with consumer goods, business is interested in the price movement of producer goods. Current cost accounting Advantages †¢More relevant †¢Provides up to date information with financial markets †¢Takes inflationary adjustments into account. â€Å"Critics have argued market value(current cost) reveals economic realities that are hidden by historical cost accounting. †¢Investors and creditors also prefer the market value accounting. â€Å"the information about the market value at the reporting date, the changes in that value and the components of that change- all provide the investors the valuable information for his decision making.† †¢In F/S, easier to view and determine whether the asset or liability is at risk or not Disadvantages †¢Unreliable   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Volatile, when market price of an asset and liability is not available, the value is estimated (inappropriate) Continuously contemporary accounting Strengths †¢CoCoA provides information about an entitys capacity to adapt. Chambers considers such information crucial for effective decision making †¢It solves the additivity problem-there is a common basis of valuation (net-market values) so it makes logical sense to add the various asset values together. †¢There is no need for arbitrary cost allocations through depreciation. Weaknesses †¢Not all assets will have a readily determined market price-hence a deal of subjectively will be involved. †¢Some assets can generate income within a particular entity, but have little or no value to anybody else (for example, the case of the blast furnace). The value in use of such assets is ignored. †¢It values assets on the basis of the separate disposal of the respective assets. The implication of this is that assets which cannot be separately sold are deemed to have no value-for example, goodwill. This attribute of CoCoA has attracted a great deal of criticism. †¢CoCoA has never had widespread acceptance within the business community and hence there would be numerous obstacles to its implementation. †¢Because CoCoA would represent a radical departure from current methods of accounting, its adoption could cause major social and economic implications. †¢People are used to preparing and reading historical cost accounting reports, hence there would be a need to re-educate them about the strengths and limitations of CoCoA-this might be costly. †¢If an entity does not expect to sell an asset, it is questionable whether the selling price is really that relevant. †¢Tied to the above point, valuing all assets on the basis of selling prices has been criticised if it is considered that the entity is a going concern. †¢Determining the market price of unique assets introduces a degree of subjectivity into the accounting process.

Science of Epidemiology

Science of Epidemiology Edward Truelove EPIDEMIOLOGY Introduction This assignment will identify and explain what epidemiology is and describe how epidemiologists collect and analyse specific data. It will then identify a number of aspects of the science and then look a disease and see how epidemiologists data was used to influence health promotion. What is Epidemiology? Epidemiology is the ‘science concerned with the study of the factors determining and influencing the frequency and distribution of disease, injury, and other health-related events and their causes in a defined human population. Also, the sum of knowledge gained in such a study. There are two main types of Epidemiology. The first one is descriptive which describes the occurrence of the disease according to people, place and time and the second is analytic which determines the causation, risk factors for health, disease and association. Descriptive epidemiology describes and investigates the scale of the problem. This is the amount of people that have developed or caught the disease over a specified period. e.g. in 2004 there were 44,659 cases of newly diagnosed breast cancer in the UK. From this epidemiologists would look at the prevalence, the number of people that have the disease or condition at any particular time. e.g. the number of people who are regular smokers within a specified time period. The next factor is to look at how the condition is spread. This is done by analysing categories such as age, gender, socioeconomic class and ethnicity e.g. women from lower social classes are much more likely to smoke than women in higher social classes. Examples of questions asked to collect this data are as follows: What are the health problems? How many people are affected? Who is affected? Which communities are affected and why? What are the trends? Answers to these questions can indicate if primary prevention is possible and it can show the seriousness of the problem and how individuals and communities may be affected. Analytical epidemiology aims to answer the question, why did it happen? This is done by identifying and determining the causes and risk factors for health and disease. Comparisons have to be made between groups with or without the disease and between groups exposed and not exposed to a possible causal factor. Causation can show if there is a link from a certain disease to environmental influences, lifestyle or socioeconomic factors. To find the cause, epidemiologists can use inferential statistics to draw inferences about apopulationfrom arandom sample. From analysing the results and assessing the risks, a link between events and contributory factors can be draw and this can vary from negligible to high. Assessing the needs and analysing the data The first step in planning health promotion is to assess the needs and this consists of two elements. Firstly are the health service needs, which are determined from health data such as occurrence, frequency, mortality and morbidity. Secondly is the community determined needs covering issues that individuals and communities have brought to the attention of the local authority, politicians and letters etc. Sometimes these two elements overlap but it is important to identify which are priorities for communities. Health data is analysed according to who has been affected and this shows which communities are affected the most so that resources can be allocated. From this information about prevention begin. Prevention Primary prevention consists of trying to keep people healthy and free from disease such as immunization and encouragement of healthy lifestyles. Secondary prevention tries to identify the disease and persuade people to go for treatment at the earliest opportunity. Examples could be a cough that could lead to tuberculosis or a fever that could lead to influenza. In some conditions once the disease has developed it can often be too late, so one of the key roles of health promotion is to encourage screening i.e. breast cancer. Tertiary prevention involves actions if the disease has become very serious. This is to promote recovery and focus on rehabilitation to help speed the recovery. An example of primary prevention would be lung cancer as it is know what causes it, but it is not suitable for breast cancer as the causes are not yet known. Prevention can only take place if the causes can be established. Causes Epidemiologists need to establish causes and to look at many factors such as the environment, society and individuals. They also need to find out what causes the cause as there can be a whole chain of causal factors triggering a chain of events. These study designs are used for finding out possible causes, although they do not prove causal relationships as they just look at associations. There are two types of analytical study designs. The first is group one which are used for finding out possible causes. Ecological studies compare studies of a particular disease in different communities to try to ascertain the cause. Cross-sectional studies sample a section of society at one particular time to see if there are common characteristics between people. Case control studies compare a sample of people with a disease to a sample without and a conclusion can be drawn to see if characteristics are more likely to be found in people with the disease. Group two analytical studies are stronger design studies which are used to provide evidence for causal relationships. Cohort studies, also known as prospective or longitudinal studies are when a large sample of the population is followed over a long period of time to monitor their lifestyle and exposure to the risks. From this, the incidence of the disease can be followed to look for causal risks. Examples of this are following a sample of the population for fifty years to see if there is a link between smoking and lung cancer. Intervention study involves exposing a random selection of people to a health promotion trial to find out if the if intervention has health benefits and then to compare the results to a group of people who have not. Results can be analysed to establish if there are key variable such as income, age, distribution, etc. Relative or attributable risk provides a measure of the strength of a causal relationship. Decisions can be made from this as to how many lives c ould be saved if the causal factor was removed. Epidemiologists have also to work out which are confounding factors, ones that can appear to be associated with a disease but are not a causal. From all the information and studies undertaken there has to be a systematic review to identify which studies have strong conclusions. From the evidence, reasons can be worked out for showing the causes of health problems and disease and an action plan for health promotion can be set out. Epidemiology is an essential key discipline in health promotion and unless the specific factors that cause a health problem are identified, action cannot be taken to prevent it and promote health. Swine flu and Epidemiology What are the health problems? In the case of swine flu, dry cough, sore throat, headache and fatigue are the most common associated symptoms. Typically patients will have a fever over 38C. Most people recover in a week without any specific treatment. How many are affected In swine flu the number of cases in the UK rose quickly after the first established cases in Scotland. By May 312009, there were 252 confirmed cases in the UK.Seventy of these had been to Mexico or the US seven days prior to infection, and 178 reported that they had not been abroad. Who is affected? In the case of swine flu, in the first months of its outbreak in the UK, it mostly affected young people, and was most commonly spread through contact at schools. These findingsare based on an analysis ofthe first 252 cases of the disease diagnosed in the UK after news of the virus broke What are the trends? Of the 168 who contracted the infection it was established the likely place of viral transmission: 60% had been acquired in school; 25% from a household environment; 8% in the community; 1% (two cases) acquired in the workplace; Less than 1% (one case) in a healthcare environment; 5% acquired elsewhere. (nhs.uk) Which communities are affected and why? People of all genders and ages, including infants and the elderly were developing the disease equally. Due to a larger proportion of younger people travelling abroad and being in contact with younger people, the average age of the first 252 infected people was 20 years. Of the 178 first cases in the UK, 22% reported contact with someone who had developed the infection overseas (secondary infection) and 70% reported contact with a secondary case. 7% were not aware that they had contacted anyone (nhs.uk) Influence on health promotion The disease was first identified in Mexico in April 2009 and quickly spread round the globe. Initially the HNS had to make the public aware of the health problems through the media and do everything to contain the disease such as closing schools. After a while it was classed as a pandemic and moved from a containment status to treatment status. Generally the disease was fairly mild and was usually more serious in patients with other health problems. Part of the health promotion campaign was to offer antiviral medicines, Tamiflu or Relenza. Another step was to identify who and which communities are affected, and those people that are in high risk groups, as they are more likely to develop to complications. Vulnerable people are those who have lung disease, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, neurological disease and diabetes. Also at risk are people who have had drug treatment, pregnant women, people over 65 and children under five. A health promotion campaign through the Television and media was used to make these particular groups aware of the potential risks. Swine flu vaccination began in October 2009 The NHS issued information to the public to stop the disease spreading such as good respiratory and hand hygiene i.e. sneezing into a tissue and putting it a bin and to wash your hands and work surfaces at home regularly. Other public health information includes a National Pandemic Flu website and telephone number for the public to call for any information. The public were asked to call their GP if they had flu like symptoms and particularly if they had a serious condition that weakens your immune system, if they are pregnant, have a sick child under one or if the condition suddenly gets worse. The Service assesses the symptoms and if required will provide authorisation to collect antiviral medicine. Carers also have been identified as at risk as they come into contact with the most vulnerable in the community and steps have been taken in the second phase of vaccination to protected them from the risk of infection Conclusion The science of epidemiology involves elements of biology, social sciences and ecology and it is therefore it is a bio-social-environmental science focusing on disease in populations. Epidemiology is a key discipline in Health Promotion as is analyses specific factors of a disease. From this data action can be taken to prevent the disease spreading and promote health i.e. smoking and lung cancer, asbestos and cancer, alcohol and liver disease. However, mistakes can be made as some diseases such as heart disease have many influential factors including diet, exercise, smoking, blood pressure and genetic history. Epidemiology is a population science and investigations of health problems in populations have been very important for public health. Its techniques in examining the disease patterns between populations have been widely applied and there is no consensus of the best means to measure health. As epidemiology is a study of populations it does not tailor health promotion needs for the individual and quite often complicated data and government health warnings such ‘eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day can be largely ignored by a sceptical public, and therefore destructive activities still persist. This report has identified what epidemiology is and explained how epidemiologists assess the spread of illness and analyse data collected. It has also listed aspects of epidemiology and stated how they have an influence on health promotion. References Cancer Research (2009) [Online], Available at: http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/lung/incidence/index.htm 1 ( (Accessed 22 Nov 2009) Hubley, H. and Copeman, J. (2008) Practical Health Promotion, Polity Press: Cambridge. Naidoo, J. and Wills, J. (2009) Foundations for Health Promotion, 3rd Edn, Bailliere Tindall: London. Naidoo, J. and Wills, J. (2008) Public Health and Health Promotion, 2nd Edn, Bailliere Tindall: London. NHS (2009), [Online], Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/07July/Pages/Swinefluearlyepidemiology.aspx 1 (Accessed 2 Dec 2009) NHS (2009), [Online], Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pandemic-flu/Pages/Introduction.aspx?WT.srch=1 (Accessed 2 Dec 2009)

Martin Luther Essay examples -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther grew up in a time when there was basically one religion to look upon. Luther was born on November 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Germany. He was raised Catholic by his family that was held together by his father, Hans. Hans was a miner, and he worked his way up to the middle class by leasing mines and furnaces. With the money that he earned, he bought his family a house, and he became a well-respected citizen of their new hometown, Mansfeld. At seven years old, Martin began his schooling to fill his father’s dream of becoming a lawyer. At school, he learned the basics and was taught Latin. The students were not only to learn how to speak Latin, but they also had to speak the language at all times. At age thirteen, a new school boarded young Luther. He was sent thirty miles north to the city of Magdenburg. His time spent there was short. The year that he attended the school, he learned of his ambition to serve God. Luther spoke fondly of the Brothers at the school. They showed Luther what it was like to witness God’s power. Martin finished off his boarding school years at St. George’s School, located in Eisenach. Luther had many great memories of St. George’s, including one of his teachers, Johann Trebonius. Luther enjoyed Trebonius’ teachings because of the equality that was displayed between the students and the teacher. St. George’s also gave Luther the ability to see what a life of the religious order was like. In 1501, Martin left Eise...

Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay -- Education Teaching Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy As a student of education, I have been able to gather many ideas and opinions about practices and ideals I want to implement in my future classroom. My philosophies about education are still being formed and continually change with every class I visit and with every educator I encounter. My ideas, admittedly, come from random experiences and intangible texts, but as I gain more experience in the field through my courses, my philosophies about teaching will become more clearly defined. These few ideas I have now will undoubtedly be added upon as I enter student teaching and my professional career, nevertheless, they are concepts of which I hope to never lose sight. I believe teaching is a privilege and a serious profession. There are few other careers in which you have as great of an effect on other people. The responsibility is great and I take it very seriously. At the same time teaching can be fun and intellectually stimulating. As a teacher, I will have the opportunity to explore and define a subject area that I have committed my career to---Science. What better way to show my enthusiasm for the subject than to teach it? Additionally, I know that there is nothing more rewarding than reaching a student through my teaching and having a profound influence on their curiosity. Good teaching should extend beyond the classroom, and it will if students are inspired to continue their studies on their own. Honestly, I believe that there is no other job that is equally as rewarding. Science education often receives an inaccurate stereotype of being boring or too complex for the average person to comprehend. I have an extreme passion for Science and teaching. ... ...wish to pursue board certification from the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards after I have taught for three years. It is important to me that I never stop learning. I want to exude this quality for the well being of myself and for my students. Maybe through me, students will see that education is not a hassle, but a completely rewarding experience. My philosophy of education has been shaped by experiences within my own life and education, as well as learning about education in college. As I enter the profession, my philosophy will most likely evolve somewhat as I grow and gain experiences as a teacher in the classroom. However, the foundations of my educational philosophy will continue to guide me in the way which I will interact with students and teach within my classroom.

Changes, Changes and More Changes!

Changes, Changes, and More Changes Hudson County Community College isn't a perfect school, but there are a lot of things that they have room to improve on. I honestly don't have many complaints about this school, I feel alright about it, I am not impressed but I am also not outraged by anything. Even though I don't have many complaints about this school it doesn't mean that I don't feel that they have things that they should improve on.The biggest problem I have with this school is the service at the main desk, then it would be the student lounge area, and last but not least the parking situation. These are all very important things to me, and these are things they should really fix. To begin, the issue of parking isn't a big deal to me personally, but I've heard so many students and professors speak and complain about it that I think it's high time something was done to fix the problem.For example, this is a college, which means that students ranging from seventeen years of age and higher, come to this school seeking a higher education. Most of these students have cars, but, this school doesn't provide any parking for these students. So that means, that they must circle around the block about three times on a good day and about ten times on a bad day, until they find parking. Do you believe that's fair? This causes students to be late for class and to miss important parts of the lecture.Now, on the other hand, teachers do have a parking area, but the parking is about ten blocks away, this of course isn't a problem if it's seventy to eighty degrees outside, but when the weather is cold, do you really think that people want to get out of their warm cars just to go out into the blistering cold, or when it's 100 plus degrees outside, do you think people want to come out of their comfortably cool cars, and sweat in the New Jersey summer heat? Secondly, the lounge are.It literally is just a lounge area, with some vending machines thrown in. Imagine yourself a studen t who has been in class since, let's say ten in the morning, and you haven't had a good 45 minute break in hours, and you're starving, so you walk down to the trusty student lounge and what do you find? You find a room with some chairs and a couple of vending machines, and not the cool kind of vending machines, that serve sandwiches or soups, but the kind that serve junk food. What would be your reaction to this? How would you feel in that instant?Of course, now you don't have time to run down to the deli and buy yourself some lunch, because everything is so far away and you just wasted a good ten minutes coming down to the student lounge and staring at the vending machines in outrage. So what are you going to do? You are either not going to buy anything, or you're going to settle for some chips and a sugar filled soda, a snack that is sure to make you crash in about twenty minutes. I honestly don't see how this is fair, if you want student's to do well in school, then you have to p rovide them with an environment where they can achieve success.Having to work through hunger and fatigue isn't going to help them succeed. This school really needs a cafeteria, where students can go and eat something healthy and filling, not just a place where they can go and eat some sugar and sit for a couple of minutes. Lastly, the issue with the main desk. I'm not sure if those ladies know what their exact job is, but I'm sure that it's not talking non-stop. I'm not saying anything bad about them, because they are extremely nice and friendly, but if they could be nice and friendly and do their job, now that would be super.I remember how my friend's cousin, was having the biggest problem with finishing his financial aid paper work last year, it literally took him a year to finish fixing them, his little brother who was a year behind him in school, finished High School and started College before he did. That's embarrassing. The fact that it took so long, the fact that he had to co ntinue coming in to bring the same papers in almost every week, and the fact that he would get attitude and poor service every time, speaks lowly about the people working in those desks.I also had a problem like this, it didn't take a whole year for me to fix my issues, but I did have to come in a bunch of times for the same problem, and to hand in papers that were later on not going to be useful in anyway. To the students of this college it is important that those women and men do their jobs, we need them, they fill up our papers, they send them to where they need to be sent, and they are supposed to make things easier for us, not the opposite, so to see that those people cause so much trouble for the students makes me think that this school has one major flaw, and this flaw can be easily dealt with.All they need to do is fire them and hire people who are more competent†¦ or if that's too extreme give them a class where they learn exactly what their job description is, since i t seems that they have forgotten it, or maybe never learned what it was. Changing some of this school biggest problems is sure to make this school become a place where other people would want to come and experience it, nobody wants to have a hard time at the main desk, or starve to death, or be late to class while looking for parking.The faster we solve these issue the faster we can start calling this establishment great, because as of now this is just a place where people come to pass the time and to get a taste of what college is like. This school isn't perfect, but it's imperfections really make people take a second thought to coming here, so the quicker we fix these problems, the quicker we can fill up the school with a lot of happy students and professors.

Good Soldiers Essay

Causes and Consequences In War and the Iliad, Simons Well and Rachel Bespangle offer opposing interpret editions of the use of physical violence (force) against another person. The Good Soldiers considers force within the context of the Iraq War. In response to these texts, what question or questions do you have about the causes and consequences of force in contemporary life, particularly in war?For our first major essay, pursue a line of inquiry that explores the problem of hysterical violence, particularly as it relates to our course texts. What leads us to use for CE? What are the consequences that follow from that choice? What role does society plan y In our willingness to hurt or kill others? Are soldiers, who get paid to use force to rest Love conflict, heroes or victims in war? Offer these questions as examples of what you could study. Ultimately, you a responsible for the question that you decide to explore.My only restriction: y our inquiry must relate to our course readings . Whatever question you decide to address, please incorporate at least two Of 0 our three authors into your essay. In addition, you must also incorporate at least five o outside sources, either in support of your position or to help clarify the thinking of 10th note that your are welcome to include anecdotes from your own life in your essay -? possibly in its introduction. Recommend that you use templates from They Say, I Say in your body appear aphis to summarize, to quote, and/ r to comment on your evidence.You are writing for an audience that is unfamiliar with our texts, so you will need to summarize the m as you present your case, where necessary. Beyond that, the essay must follow MEAL and class formatting requirements. A forage rough draft is due on Tuesday, November 4. A seepage draft is due on Friday, November 7. The final draft is due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, November 1 1, and must be at least eight pages long not including y our â€Å"Works Cited† page .

Explain the nature and purpose of the ‘Hitler Youth’ movement

a) To establish a stable future for the Nazi regime, Hitler was determined to gain control of the upcoming generation that was Germany's youth, to do this he created several groups for both boys and girls to teach them Nazi ideology and how to be the ‘superior race'. Hitler's youth movement was made compulsory to join in 1936 and from then on boys at the age of 6-10 wore enlisted to the ‘Pimpf', which translates as little fellows, here they took part in exercises such as hiking and camping. On surpassing the age of 10 they underwent a test from them to reach ‘Deutsche Jungvolk' (or German young people). Only after this wore they enrolled in ‘Hitler youth' when they wore between the ages of 14-18 and there they wore trained on military discipline. The Hitler youth was also used as a way teaching children in anti-Semitism, pride for Germany and allegiance to Hitler. Young children were expected to read books describing how Jewish things and people were evil. There was also the SRD which was a patrol service that would check that all the members of the Hitler Youth were looking smart and that they were carrying a clean handkerchief and comb, which defines the importance of the movement. Baldur Von Schirach led the Hitler youth organization and he had the idea to create individual years for the Hitler youth movement and in 1934 it was the ‘Year of Training' where the kids learned vocational training, and in October were sent to the country to harvest the crops. This was apparently to show them the value of hard manual labor, and how it pays off. The next year was ‘The Year of Physical Training' which consisted of rigorous sport competitions and gladiator like fitness standards. Hitler felt that his youth should have more of a strong character and look more physically healthy rather than to be well educated in the classroom. Hitler wanted his youth to feel that they are better than others are and be proud to be Germans. When in the classroom the teachers taught their curriculum to emphasize Nazi themes and history. The purpose of these male groups was that Hitler was training each and every boy in Germany to become soldiers; the uniforms that they wore were similar to that of the SS, an elite part of the army. The Hitler youth was really a training centre for future members of the SA or the SS. My theory on Hitler's ‘Deutsche Jungvolk' was that children were brainwashed with Nazi ideology and military tactics and concerns. Hitler had complete control over every single stage in the young German boy's lives. Girls were also forced to enrol in a group which was known as ‘Jungmadel' (young maidens) at the age of 10 to 14 and Girls from fourteen to eighteen were in the ‘Bund Deutcher Madel' (BDM) (League of German Girls), the BDM also offered a wide variety of other activities such as reduced rates at movie theaters, going on field trips, and attend camps that lasted anywhere from one day to several weeks. BDM groups got together 2 times a week, one of which was a sports afternoon, the other of which was called ‘Heimatabend' (home evening). During the home evening, girls played music, learned and sang folk songs, played games, or did arts and crafts. The BDM placed big importance on the girls' educations and expected that they would finish school. The purpose of the BDM was to teach women how to care for their health so they could prepare for motherhood and raise as many babies as the German population required and so they remained loyal to his Nazi regime. In conclusion, Hitler used these groups as an opportunity to spread his ideas throughout the nation, and to create a new generation that would be loyal and unified. He gave those under he's teachings a great discriminations of all Jewish people and taught them that they were a superior race. He believed that the future of Nazi Germany were the children and expected children to be like: â€Å"The weak must be chiseled away. I want young men and women who can suffer pain. A young German must be as swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather, and as hard as Krupp's steel.† – Adolf Hitler (http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hitler_youth.htm) And the groups wore created for this very purpose to serve him if any uprising occurred. He trained children at such a young age as they wore easily susceptible to corruption from Hitler's words and they wore taught that he was a savior for all of Germany so the children looked up to him as if he was a god so they would remain loyal to him in the future. Explain the reason for Nazi policies towards Women b) Women are the foundation to a great new generation and Hitler came to comprehend this fact, to make a great new Germany he would have to control and persuade women to stay at home and raise big families, he saw women as only fit for motherhood and all his policies reflected that he wanted women to be only used to create a new generation of children loyal to Hitler's legacy. To convey his plans all equal rights towards women in the Weimar Republic were abolished. There was practically no equality as Nazi's believed that women had a role that was separate to that of the men so equality was not in the question, they said each sex has different tasks to do and their own separate rights and through this the Nazi's believed they wore being equal.. Hitler passed of laws which ensured that women fulfilled their duty at home and companies were encouraged to give all free job spaces to men. The first examples of women this happened to were women doctors and civil servants. Hitler also allowed no woman to be a judge or prosecutor as he thought they were unable to think logically and without emotion. Hitler needed women at home so that they could have more time on their hands to looking to raise a family so the German population would flourish. Nazis had reasons for their inequality towards women in society as they thought their place was very much in the home as child-bearers and supporters of their husbands. Nazi policies for women were based on the ‘3 K's, Kinder, Kirche, Kuche' (Children, Church and the Kitchen) and encouraged these policies by offering loans, family allowances and child subsides for women to stay at home and were also given medals if they had a large family. By encouraging women to do this and offering rewards for large families Germany's population would grow meaning more young boys being trained to being soldiers and more young girls turning into mothers so Hitler can fill the land he was planning to take control over with Germans. Though there were some exceptions to the policies set by the Nazi's, as if you was a woman of high importance and closely linked to Hitler personally there was some differences. Such as the film director Leni Riefenstahl, whom Hitler admired her work dearly. When he first attended one of her films showings, Hitler sought out the young director and after a very short time appointed her as ‘Film Expert to the National Socialist Party'. Over the next five years Riefenstahl made several films in which Hitler had requested, which in a state where women played a secondary role to men, Riefenstahl was given a free hand by Hitler to produce propaganda films for the Nazi regime. Hitler described Riefenstahl as ‘the perfect German woman'. Another exception was Eva Braun which was Hitler's ‘wife' whom he married only when both had reached a mutual decision to commit suicide a day after their marriage. Eva Braun met Hitler when she was 17 and at the age of 19 At the age of 19, she became Hitler's mistress, received a house, expensive clothes, fast cars and French perfume – but no wedding ring, she also was not pushed into having children which goes against Nazi policies. In conclusion, each policy put in place concerning women in Germany was done so for the sole purpose that they would be fit and efficient mothers such as being discouraged from slimming as this was considered bad for child birth. Though there were the exceptions of a few women who Hitler allowed to lead a life of luxury and freedom, giving them benefits that no other Nazi women could dream of experiencing. ‘The most important reason why there was little opposition in Germany towards the Nazi regime was its use of propaganda.' Explain how far you agree with this statement. c) I agree to this statement to quite a far extent as I feel the Nazi regime cleverly used their use of propaganda to sway the hearts and minds of the German people. Through their complete control of the media the Nazi's wore able to convince people that they are right or were winning the war thus gaining trust throughout Germany. They wore also able to censor any stories or articles which in someway discredit Nazi powers. But their use of deception in the media was not the only reason there was little opposition towards them, fear also played a major part in halting any opposition the Nazi's would otherwise have to face. Hitler had elected Joseph Goebbels as minister for ‘National Enlightenment' and he controlled the media and arts. It was his role to make sure that the media printed Nazi ideology and censored any other idea's put forward. He also set up the ‘Reich Chamber of Commerce' in 1933 and this was designed to deal with all literature, art, music, radio etc. and only those who was part of this chamber was allowed to produce anything from those categories but along side these restricts was the fear of punishment to oppose and of the policies set in place so you could only read, see and hear what the Nazis wanted you to. The use of censorship saw that there was little or no opposition in Germany as when Hitler came into power the Nazi's showed what would happen to things that did not conform to Nazi ideology and Goebbels organized mass book burning sessions in which any book that didn't agree with Nazi idea's was taken out of the library and burnt. Films that wore made at the time concentrated on Nazi beliefs and how Germans wore treated in Eastern Europe. These films helped sway the mind of the people causing little resistance against Nazi regime. Goebbels wanted every German to hear Nazi idea's so he insisted that radios wore constructed and sold cheap to each German citizen so they could hear Hitler give speeches, loud speakers were put up in streets and Cafes and other such properties were ordered to play in public speeches by Hitler, and the consistent hearing of Nazi ideology brainwashed those who listened into believing that the Nazi was the superior race and political system, â€Å"The essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never escape from it.†- Goebbels http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/NaziGermany.htm Goebbels used propaganda to fuel Hitler's hatred for Jews and used them as a scapegoat for blaming Germany's dire situation at the time, and he also implemented young people to Nazi propaganda, Hitler youth, so when they grew up they would not appose his rulings and would follow him in whatever he would say. Even the 1936 Berlin Olympics was used as a way to glorify Nazi Germany and that it was here to stay. He also used propaganda to show how Hitler wanted best for the German people and was really a man of peace but was also determined to recover German territories ‘lost' as a result of the Versailles Treaty of 1919, and this appealed to must Germans and they had felt dishonoured by the land lost so would now not stand up against Hitler. Propaganda also presented Hitler as some sort of ‘mythical figure', for example his famous â€Å"Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hrer† (‘One People, One Nation, One Leader') poster which gives the feeling that Hitler is guiding people's destiny and also depicted Hitler as ‘a man of the people'. Hitler used his youth groups as a form of propaganda, brainwashing the children into thinking that he is some sort of superior beings, there were even pictures of him in classrooms and it is reported that some children had started praying to the picture's of him like he was a God. With this mindset Hitler had a strong grip on the next generation that would not appose him in the future. But propaganda was not the only reason for the little opposition, Nazi's made sure their was swift and harsh punishment for those who undermined their ruling and mocking Hitler became an offence that could be punished by being sent to a concentration camp which could possibly lead to death. Hitler's secret police saw to it that anyone who went against the Nazi in any small way would be dealt the most serious of consequences and people wore expected to come to the police if they heard of any unrest against Nazi policies if they didn't they too would be punished, people wore too afraid to stand up against Hitler and his SS men. Also some Germans even though not liking Hitler's rule preferred it over any left wing communist groups, as Hitler did well in lowering unemployment rates buy implementing building, road and house works. Also his order of conscription of men into the army further reduced the amount of unemployed and Germans found thousands of jobs in factory work and weapons production so they benefited from Hitler being in power. People found themselves at a higher standard of living and did not wish to sacrifice it and go back to the days of the depression. Propaganda played a drastic part in why the Nazi's wore able to maintain control with little opposition in Germany, the use of blaming the Jewish people and making out Hitler to be a god made people side with the Nazi regime. The repetitive speeches brainwashed the people into feeling compassionate towards Hitler's cause but I do feel the pure fear of Hitler's SS men did stop many of the German public from speaking out in fear of execution or being murdered and also the fact that all the good Hitler had brought to the country people did not wish to return to their previous state with inflation and mass unemployment.

Battle at the Pumps: Is there a solution for increasing prices?

Remember when Grandpa used to tell stories of how gasoline cost $0. 10 a gallon when he first started driving? We laughed at the thought of anything costing less than a dollar, but with today’s national average for gas sitting at $3. 00 a gallon, the 300% price increase is no laughing matter (Benton, 2007).If the price for gas continues to increase at the rate it is now, our children will be the one’s finding humor in our silly rants of paying $90. 00 to fill our SUV tanks. Gas hikes and price gouging are issues that most Americans would rather not be associated with.Nevertheless, we all still have jobs to go to and errands to run. So, while some argue that the price increases are just a part of inflation, there are more arguing that gas pricing is a game of politics. Either way, we all will continue to pay what we have to go get from point A to point B. Targeting when gas hikes became such a hot issue dates back to the infamous â€Å"Katrina† disaster in August of 2005. In addition to the catastrophic storm, many claim that politics also play a part in price determination.Whatever the reason, a solution must be sought. Thankfully, there are a few solution-seekers out there who are actively searching for ways to make living in the days of $3. 00 plus per gallon a bit more tolerable, albeit still an, ah-hem, unpleasant issue. Collaborations between companies, innovations in vehicles, and vehicle purchasing incentives are all ways businesses are working together to keep the bitterness at bay. Nevertheless, many of us won’t be happy until we are completely dependent on our own resources for the precious commodity.So, while we will never see the same prices Grandpa paid for gasoline in our lifetime, reviewing the causes and finding solutions are the only ways we will avoid taking out a second mortgage just to put gas in the cars. Immediately after Hurricane Katrina, Americans panicked, and fearful gas retailers began a practice that was, for the most part, unheard of. Lines of gasoline-starved automobiles Battle at the Pumps 3 parked themselves at gas pumps, struggling to get every last drop of gas available before it was â€Å"all gone†.Rumors of depleted gas barrel supply sent small town gasoline retailers, as well as few big city retailers into gouging mode. Within hours, prices went from $2. 00 to just over $3. 00 a gallon in states such as Texas and Louisiana, the states closest to the disaster (AP, 2005). Another spark contributing to the gas fire blazing at the pumps is the claim that election years tend to send gas prices into a rollercoaster pattern: down before elections, and up after elections. In fact, Joe Benton of ConsumerAffairs. com writes that pre-election gas prices averaged $2.50 a gallon, and that gas prices â€Å"are sure to rise again†¦right after the midterm elections† (2006). Mr. Benton was correct. Just after the elections the national average for gas prices increased 12. 5 cents in December, and has steadily continued to rise. Though the decrease is unexplainable, rest assured that the elections have nothing to do with it. If they were the reason for the decreased gas prices, however, most Americans would vie for monthly elections! Unfortunately, for the disgruntled, the days paying less than $2. 00 a gallon for gasoline are long gone.In fact, we drivers, bus riders, airline passengers and taxi goers must continue the suffrage, as melees to locate the best gas source is continued. Until one is found, companies, manufacturers and even the government are giving a go at attempts to soften the blows of outrageously priced â€Å"petro†. The battle of fair gas prices has produced an effort among many to seek ways around getting hosed at the pump. For example, John Wakefield of Murphy Oil Corporation, states that Murphy USA’s goal is to â€Å"be a low cost provider to the communities [they] serve† (2006).To comply with this statement, Murphy USA has collaborated with discount retailer, Wal-Mart, in order to offer a minimum of a three-cent discount for those who purchase fuel with a Wal-Mart gift card. This allows Murphy USA to maintain its position in offering a below average price for Battle at the Pumps 4 gasoline throughout the nation (Wakefield, 2006). Additionally, manufacturers, such as Ford and Chevy, have joined in the labors of providing an alternative for gas guzzling vehicles. Their answer to the gas price dilemma has been to increase promotion of hybrid and flex-fuel vehicles.Hybrid vehicles, although in existence for many years, have become a popular choice for saving dollars at the pump, as have flex-fuel vehicles. Hybrid vehicles combine both the gasoline-powered and electric powered sources under the hood in order to increase the distance between fill-ups, which, in turn, saves one from filling up as often as with a strictly gas-powered vehicle (Layton, 2007) Similarly, flex-fuel vehicles (FFV), which have been around for a number of years as well, are also designed to combine power sources in order save on gasoline usage.In the FFV case, a combination of gasoline and E85 fuel work together to increase the number of miles driven between fill-ups, resulting in dollars saved (USDoE, 2007). The down side to both types of vehicles, however, is that they both cost a pretty penny, which brings us back to where we started: angry about spending mega-bucks just to drive. On the contrary, there is an up-side to the hybrid vehicle: The government offers a tax credit to those who purchase a hybrid (USDoE, 2007).That’s great†¦if you can afford the high price tag attached to the hybrid. But if you can’t, what else is the government doing to ensure that we don’t go bankrupt at the pumps? Though they sometimes seem like the bad guys, the government is making attempts to keep Americans from going into boxing matches with gas station attendants. Along with offering incentives to those who choose to finance or straight-out purchase hybrid vehicles, they are also looking out for the little people†¦those who can’t afford to pay the $4.00 per gallon price tag that has become a frequenter of many gas stations across America post Katrina. Price gouging, or pricing above the market when demand increases, was a practice few were aware of before Battle at the Pump 5 August of 2005. However, when disaster struck, gas retailers took action, regardless of who it would affect. Soon, consumers were left with no where to turn and had no choice but to pay for overpriced fuel. Thankfully â€Å"Super Government† with its flowing red, white and blue cape came to our rescue, regulating pricing among gas retailers.Although there is no law against price gouging, suspicious pricing will entail an investigation. In August 2005, the Energy Department created a hotline for people who fell victim to price gouging (Pope, 2005). Though efforts have been made, without a law to formally enforce a â€Å"no price gouging allowed† law, the problem, though not as wide spread as it had been initially, still exists. Gradually, as demand has continues to outweigh the supply of gasoline available, price gouging has sneakily made itself an accepted practice.Investigations pending for suspected price gougers, the government is also seeking ways for America to become less dependent on international sources to keep America on the roads and in the air. As we wearily trudge to the pumps prepared to sacrifice our limbs just for a few gallons of gas, alternatives are being sought in order to use domestic sources for fuel. Biodiesel, a renewable fuel derived from sources such as vegetable oils and recycled restaurant greases, is just one of the alternative fuels being researched for common use among Americans.In May of 2005, President Bush announced that efforts in making Biodiesel a main source for fuel were in the works, and estimated that by 2010, our country will become solely dependent on itself to fuel our vehicles, planes and trains (Bush, 2005). Upon receiving the news, farmers across America gained new hope in assisting in the effort to solve the ongoing problem of finding fuel alternatives. But one can’t help but wonder: What about those folks who can’t afford to transition into a vehicle that runs on the fuel alternatives soon to be available?This is, indeed, has the Battle at the Pumps 6 potential to cripple hopes of becoming domestically dependent. Look around the next time you are on the road and you will see cars dating back to the early 60’s and beyond. For some people, driving these ‘vintage’ vehicles is a choice, but for others, it is unavoidable. It makes sense to assume that if we all had the money to drive a modern day vehicle, we would. But for those people who are stuck in that 1976 beat-up Nova, gas prices are still an issue that fuel alternatives won’t so lve.Needless to say, if President Bush is determined for America to depend on ourselves for fuel, tapping into the oil sources available on our own soil is required. This, however, presents another problem: Once the soil is broken, where do those who live on the land go? The vast lands of Alaska are notorious for housing thousands of acres of untapped oil reserves. However, on those acres, life exists. Caribou, bison, bears, elk and even people inhabit these lands. For years, these habitors have been the reason that the oil reserves Alaska has to offer have gone undisturbed.Nature activists have long protested the spoiling of the majestic lands across the Artic coastline. For this, we have continued to rely on countries such as the Middle Eastern lands, for oil. Years of jokes, ridicule and mockery have been directed at presidents, past and present, as well as the government in general, for not making stronger efforts in aggressively utilizing this land, regardless of who is affecte d. With pretty much no choice, President Bush proposed a plan to break ground along the Artic coastline in order to make use of the untapped oil lying beneath the thick blankets of frozen land and fluffed snow (Rosen, 2003).There continues, as expected, to be protests against the efforts, to include the protests of the Inupiat Eskimos, who strongly feel that none of the villages in this region of Alaska will support the proposed project. Ultimately, someone is going to be unhappy. Battle at the Pump 7 To those who have decided to put on party hats in celebration of the anticipated Alaskan oil tapping project: don’t mess up your ‘do’s just yet. The future in gas pricing will continue a long time pattern that Grandpa, Grandma, Dad and Mom have all had the unpleasant chore of experiencing.The crystal ball of gas prices forecasts continued increases. While the rise may not be in fuel pricing, many will feel the impact of whatever solution is utilized to control this currently uncontrollable nuisance. While scientists are doing their best to resolve all issues with fuel alternatives, some alternatives, such as hydrogen, will pose an earlier predicted problem: older vehicles would have to undergo a complete replacement of their fueling systems. Alas, the efforts to seek out solutions must continue.Though many efforts have been made to resolve the long time issue of inflated gas prices, as weeks go by, Americans resume the struggle with unfair gouging and seemingly unnecessary price hikes. It seems almost impossible to consider the alternatives of spending money on gas†¦heaven forbid we actually walk anywhere. Unfortunately, this horrible predicament we’ve found ourselves in appears to be without light. The only way to pleasantly endure the task of spending money is to†¦well†¦spend money.To ensure that we survive this rain cloud, we can either cross our fingers for monthly elections (for the benefit of price drops), or we can purchase hybrid vehicles, stop in at the local Wal-Mart to purchase a gift cards, and gas up at Murphy USA. So, although solutions are being attempted, before you visit the gas pumps, be prepared to give up your first born child. References: 1. $3. 00 Gas Spreads to 7 States, D. C. (April 27, 2007) ConsumerAffairs. com: Benton, J. April 27, 2007. http://www. consumeraffairs. com/news04/2007/04/gas_prices141. html 2. Bush plans on drilling in untapped Alaskan oil reserve.(Dec. 13, 2003) Reuters: Rosen, Y. April 27, 2007. http://www. commondreams. org/headlines03/1213-03. htm 3. Congress moves to outlaw gas gouging. (Sept. 19, 2005) SeattlePI. com: Pope, C. April 27, 2007. http://seattlepi. nwsource. com/national/241244_gouging19. html 4. Election loom; gas prices drop. (Sept. 13, 2006) ConsumerAffairs. com: Benton, J. April 27, 2007. http://www. consumeraffairs. com/news04/2006/09/big_oil. html 5. Flex-Fuel Vehicles. (2007) FuelEconomy. Gov: US Dept. of Energy (USDoE) April 27, 2007 . http://www. fueleconomy. gov/feg/flextech. shtml 6.Gov urges gas-price investigation. (Sept. 21, 2005) CBS News: Associated Press (AP). April 27, 2007 http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2005/09/21/katrina/main870784. shtml 7. How hybrid cars work. (2007) HowStuffWorks, Inc. : Layton, J & Nice, K. April 27, 2007. http://auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car. htm 8. Murphy USA Refining and Marketing. (2006) Murphy Oil Corporation: Wakefield, J. April 27, 2007. http://murphyusa. com/rm/retail/ 9. President discusses biodiesel. (2005) The White House: Bush, G. W. April 28, 2007. http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2005/05/20050516. html

Amazon Case study Essay

As seen from 2014, Amazon.com is a no brainer of a business proposition. Today you can buy most things from Amazon.com – books, movies, health and beauty products, appliances, sporting goods†¦..online and the company will ship these purchases to your home the same day and often at little or no cost to you. The typical 2014 university student has grown up with the World Wide Web and eCommerce and takes these services for granted. For its part Amazon recorded revenues of $17.09 billion dollars in 2013 but for all that activity, the company did not yield a profit. According to its founder and CEO Jeffrey P. Bezos, Amazon strives to be the retailer of choice for all things and for all people globally. To this end, Amazon’s profit margins on most products are razor thin and its business practices regarding free shipping and generous return policies erode earnings. Still there is no question that Amazon.com is one of the darlings of the new millennium’s Internet e conomy and a trend-setting retailer in the era of online retailing. In contrast, Amazon’s early history was marked by startling losses and lots of red ink. Why was this so? To understand Amazon’s origins, we must go back to 1994 when Bezos worked for the Shaw grocery store chain and read a study that predicted the Internet would explode in popularity. He figured that before long people would be making money selling over the Web. After considering any number of products to sell online, he settled on books, a standardized product already electronically cataloged, that could be easily managed through an automated supply chain system. Most notably, the typical book store typically managed an inventory of two to three thousand books whereas his imagined online service that would carry them all. In Bezo’s business model, he would disintermediate the retail process, eliminating stores and warehouses. Instead his customers would purchase their books from catalogs on his company’s Web site. Orders would be filled from a new kind of facility, a fulfillment center. In implementing this business model, Bezos quickly discovered that the only way to ensure a positive customer experience was for Amazon to operate their own fulfillment centers, controlling the transaction from start to finish. All of this may sound quite straightforward today but Bezo and his backers were treading in totally unchartered waters in 1995. To compete in this space, Amazon.com required a huge infusion of capital. Those fulfillment centers cost about $50 million apiece. The first of these in Fernley Nevada housed three  million books, CDs, toys, and housewares in a building a quarter-mile long by 200 yards wide. What distinguished this facility from the typical retail warehouse was that it was completely computerized. The associated business processes were largely automated and information intensive. Once customer orders were placed via Amazon.com’s Web site, the company’s information systems would send these orders to fulfillment center â€Å"pickers† who would in turn roam the shelves in a systematic manner assembling customer orders. Along the way, these information systems would capture detailed information on the time and steps involved in filling individual orders, w orker error rates, the flow and turnover of inventory and of course associated cost of operations data. Amazon managers employ this information to squeeze every last drop of productivity out of their processes. For example, as reported by Fred Vogelstein: †¦. by redesigning a bottleneck where workers transfer orders arriving in green plastic bins to a conveyor belt that automatically drops them into the appropriate chutes, Amazon has been able to increase the capacity of the Fernley warehouse by 40%. [In 2003], Amazon’s warehouses handle three times the volume they could in 1999, and in the past three years the cost of operating them has fallen from nearly 20% of Amazon’s revenues to less than 10% percent. The company doesn’t believe it will even have to think about building a new warehouse for another year. The warehouses are so efficient that Amazon turns over its inventory 20 times a year. Virtually every other retailer’s turnover rate is under 15. Indeed, one of the fastest-growing and most profitable parts of Amazon’s business today is its use of its supply chain management processes to service the eCommerce business needs of other retailers, suc h as Toys â€Å"R† Us and Target. All of this helps explain Bezos’s larger point, one he’s been making since he started Amazon but that people are only now starting to believe: â€Å"In the physical world it’s the old saw: location, location, location,† †¦.. â€Å"The three most important things for us are technology, technology, technology.† [But technology is actually the means by which Amazon manages its most valuable asset, its data. Data about products, data about customers, data about supply chain management, data about suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.] â€Å"There just aren’t other companies that let a consumer order two out of what are millions of products in a warehouse and then quickly and efficiently, at low cost, get those two things into a single box.†. But success was not a  forgone conclusion. Amazon faced a lot of red ink in its first five years. Ultimately its devotion to data paid off. As its competitors disappeared from the scene, Amazon leveraged its data management capabilities to drive error out of operations, personalize the Web experience for its customers, and add value to its relations with suppliers by providing them with deep business intelligence concerning the public’s interest in their various products. To achieve these results, Amazon developed its own methods and built its own Web-enabled information systems from scratch. Fortunately, the company could take advantage of established supply-chain management (SCM) systems for the backend of the business. In the final analysis, it was Am azon’s dedication to collecting and using information to run its business, an effort spearheaded by the company’s Chief Technology Officer Werner Vogels and his MIS team that turned the enterprise profitable. Now that Amazon has mastered both the fulfillment side of eCommerce and the data and information management side of global business management, two major profit centers at Amazon that help feed its bottom line include: back-end fulfillment services for other global retailers and cloud computing services for the likes of iTunes and Netflix.

To an Athlete Dying Young by A. F. Housman (Poetry) Research Paper

To an Athlete Dying Young by A. F. Housman (Poetry) - Research Paper Example speaker congratulates the young and eminent athlete for dying at a young and prime age rather than dying at old age when one and all his or her achievements are forgotten. In the first line of the poem â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†, the author Housman tries to illustrate the great accomplishment of the young athlete who brought proud to his people by winning a race. This great achievement of winning a race was so dear to the people of his town that they carried him shoulder high, praising him as they pass through the market to his home (Housman, 1-3). The significance of his achievement is also seen in the manner in which everybody both young and old cheered the young hero in the second, third and fourth line in the first stanza of the poem. The cheering of the hero as he passes through the crowd is also witnessed in the manner in which the former United states president JF Kennedy got cheered and applauded during his tour of campaign. Owing to what he had achieved so far, although being a young president of 46 years for the people of America, the president received accolades in both republican and democratic states. The young athlete because of the pride and accomplishment he brought to his people earned him fame and love by his people and this can also be compared to the love and fame the young John .F. Kennedy enjoyed from the people during his tenure as the president of the United States of America. President Kennedy became famous and a darling to many American families owing to the great achievements he accomplished in both domestic policies and foreign policy achievements (Jim Jarris, pg 17). For instance, with respect to domestic achievement, President Kennedy promoted domestic programs and policies that encourage the federal funding of education, economic aid to rural areas, comprehensive medical care for the elderly American in the society and federal intervention to stop the recession of the moment. The president also signed orders and policies