The Misadventures of a Few :: essays research papers

I remember this account of my life, because I was an especially terrible child during this cartridge holder. It was a brisk, paltry fall in 1988. I was nine days old. A couple of heros, my two brothers, my sister and I were all heading north along a river in Chicago. We werent in a boat or any(prenominal)thing we were walking right along the banking concerns. The banks were filled with trees, shrubs and tall grass, and on top of that, the bank was on a slope. It was a bit difficult to journey ourselves, but we just had to do it. What were we up to? Well we had heard stories that in this particular area of the river, there were Satanic worshippers who sacrificed women to Lucifer, the Devil. As we go north, on this bank along this river, I will be anxious to reveal our exploits along this path, the devils rock, and our, almost, disastrous escape.The morning started just as any other. I would wake to a bowl of cereal and then make a dashing escape out of the house to meet a frie nd. My friends and I all lived on the same block. Anything we had going on involved one of us. We were a real tight pack and never let anyone watch in with the group without some sort of initiation. On this particular day, in the late September month, we had decided today that we were going to finally discovery out whether the stories were really true. The weather was perfect, not a cloud in sight. When all of us finally got together, we began our trip to the river. Getting to the river was not a very long or hard task. We lived relatively close, to say the least it was about five blocks from our houses. It was a little strange while we were traveling to the river, because as time went by, the clouds started coming in. By the time we made it to the river, it was no longer a beautiful, bright sunny day, it was now a cool, colorless day. How could the weather change in such a short amount of time? Good question When you are young and walking with a bunch of friends, you tend to pi ffle fast and walk very, very slow. I believe it must have taken us anywhere between twenty minutes to an hour to get to our destination.

Creole Men of The Awakening by Kate Chopin Essay -- essays research pa

In Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, the Creole men are as diverse and different as Edna. Kate Chopins story centers around a woman, unsatisfied with her life in a man dominated society. The three main male characters resemble typical men of that era. Chopin shows the diversity of each of those three characters- Roberts awakening, and the oppose to do the right thing, Alcee and his carefree and unconcerned attitude towards societys expectations, and Mr. Pontiller, a business man, with little time left for wife and family. In exploring these three men in Kate Chopins The Awakening, there are certain aspects of each that are the same. All live in the 1800s were morale reputation was considered to be the utmost wideness to the businessman. Yet, Alcee seems unconcerned with any morale or business responsibility. In exploring the character of Robert, who seems to be at a crossroad in his life, doesnt know weather he should search for his fortune, find a wife, prosper, and be respectab le, or do the unthinkable and just follow his heart. But he ends up going to Mexico to work because he knows his love for Edna allow always be forbidden. Mr. Pontellier is the typical Creole husband and businessman. Leonce is convinced that fulfilling monetary needs excuses the paucity of time he spends with the children, never presuming that nigh needs cannot be monetarily satisfied He has his hands full with his brokerage business making a living for his family on the street(885) Perhaps because he is aware of his own neglect, Leonce projects his guilt onto Edna, expecting a flawles mammal performance on her part to remedy his domestic absence. (Patrsn, Out Of A Convention of Awakening, np) Patterson describes Leonce has having ... ...a tragic loss. Mr Pontieller will remarry as soon as the proper mourning period has passed because he has his two sons, who need a develop, to think about. Meanwhile Leonces mother keeps the boys with her so Leonce can conduct business as usual. Alcee truly misses his friend and mourns her loss for a while. Then his attentions are drawn to some other woman, and Edna is forgotten. Robert takes it the hardest. He truly loved Edna and harbors some guilt for her death. He mourns Ednas loss and doesnt listen to gossip of mental instability as others talk about her. Robert takes a long time to find another love, but eventually, he finds the love of his life, and only thinks, on occasion, of Edna. Eventually, all the men in Ednas lives move on. Weather they expand to think about her or not, the impact she made on their lives is what makes them the men they are now.

Game Theory (strategic Thinking In Everyday Life) :: essays research papers

Game surmisal (Strategic Thinking in Everyday Life) confine you ever been set about with having to live with a decision you made knowingthat had you taken the time to analyze the outcomes you may have made a more thanintelligible pickax? Most likely the answer to that question was "yes". Afterall that is more - or - less is what life is about, a series of choices and theoutcomes we atomic number 18 faced to live with as a result of our decisions. Well yourprobably asking yourself "What does this obvious statement have to do with me?".Ill begin by singing you it has everything to do with you and everything to dowith any situation you may confront from this day forward. After - all life isbut a bet on and it is our goal to win. The rudiments of the "Game Theory willprovide us with the basic tools we need to succeed at this game.What is Game Theory? Simply put, it is the study of rational way insituations requiring interdependence. howler That seems like a pretty heavystatement. Actually it is pretty straight - forward. What is meant by"rational way or interdependance?" Rational behavior in game theory is theassumption that moral critique aside, the players in the game will act in a waywhich provides them with the greatest benefits.. mutuality is the ideathat what oneness player does will directly affect the other and vice -versa. Byplayers I am talking about any deuce interdependant variables, whether they bepeople, countries, animals and so forth Game theorist take apart a situation involvingtwo players and systematically analyze their objectives and their potentialoutcomes. In doing so they are able to give rise models which replicate the basicmotives each player has and diagram the outcomes.. Game theory is something thatto some extent all of us have pick up in.Game Theory (strategic Thinking In Everyday Life) essays research papers Game Theory (Strategic Thinking in Everyday Life)Have you ever been faced with h aving to live with a decision you made knowingthat had you taken the time to analyze the outcomes you may have made a moreintelligible choice? Most likely the answer to that question was "yes". Afterall that is more - or - less is what life is about, a series of choices and theoutcomes we are faced to live with as a result of our decisions. Well yourprobably asking yourself "What does this obvious statement have to do with me?".Ill begin by telling you it has everything to do with you and everything to dowith any situation you may confront from this day forward. After - all life isbut a game and it is our goal to win. The fundamentals of the "Game Theory willprovide us with the basic tools we need to succeed at this game.What is Game Theory? Simply put, it is the study of rational behavior insituations requiring interdependence. Wow That seems like a pretty heavystatement. Actually it is pretty straight - forward. What is meant by"rational behavior or interde pendance?" Rational behavior in game theory is theassumption that moral critique aside, the players in the game will act in a waywhich provides them with the greatest benefits.. Interdependence is the ideathat what one player does will directly affect the other and vice -versa. Byplayers I am talking about any two interdependant variables, whether they bepeople, countries, animals etc. Game theorist take apart a situation involvingtwo players and systematically analyze their objectives and their potentialoutcomes. In doing so they are able to create models which replicate the basicmotives each player has and diagram the outcomes.. Game theory is something thatto some extent all of us have experience in.

Essay --

Brick DimensionsThe size of a standard brick is 76 mm high x 230 mm coarse x cx mm wide. Some bricks ar made with different sizes. 50 mm and 90 mm high bricks, 90 mm wide bricks & 290 mm long bricks be manufactured for different structural and aesthetic effect. Larger bricks are often used for more economical laying and as design feature of speech either on their own or combined with smaller bricks.In India, the size of brick is 228 107 69 mm.Larger Hollow bricks (140 mm w x 90 mm h x 290 mm l) are generally used in cyclonic area to ensure reinforcement and grouting in the wall. Wider (150 mm wide) bricks are used in walls requiring lower sound transmission, greater fire resistance levels & higher load bearing capacity depending on the specific brick properties. Circular Cavities are made in bricks. Its benefits are that they aid in firing process, reduce weight for handling, provide better bond for mortar.Clay brick sizes may vary after(prenominal) they are fired but size va riation between social units averages out when blended properly during laying. In most cases, the length of a brick is about repeat its width, about eight inches or slightly more so as to ensure proper strength.Brick chromaIt is defined as the resistance to load per unit area. The strength of brick is determined by the capability of a construction material doesnt collapse or fall down under the influence of external forces leading to internal stresses.Engineering bricks have average compressive strength of 59MPa. A common house brick is likely to show a range of 2040MPa. effect for adobe specimenmean compressive strength 1.195Mpa, mean modulus of elasticity 204.5MPa, Mean strain at peak strength 11%, Mean Tensile Strength 0.17MPaStrength of EMR autoclaved bric... ... thermal transmittance can be minimized by1.Avoiding thermal bridges in the brick, and arranging void perforation in quincunx2.Extending the perforations of void in tongue and grooved area (Tongue and groove is a me thod of fitting similar objects together) and thereby breaking the thermal bridge.3.Providing a small gap in the assembly, to improve the bricks conductivity.DrawbacksThe manufacturing of brick emits lots of fluorine which is very toxic in nature.It also produces electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) which is hazardous to nature. Eco-friendly wayOne of the research focuses on utility of Expanded polystyrene as a mixture with cement, sand and water and preparing the concrete brick. Which has the average compressive strength of 12.79MPa. te relationship of density and compressive strength is given by correlation fc = 2.43 x 2.997 x 10-9.

African Traditional Religions :: essays research papers fc

Traditional African ReligionThe Religious SphereThere is widespread belief in a supreme God, unique and transcendent. Africans have a sense of the sacred and sense of mystery there is high reverence for sacred places, persons and objects sacred times ar celebrated. Belief in the after lifetime is incorporated in myths and in funeral ceremonies. Religion enfolds the whole of life there is a difference between life and religion. Ancestors mediate between God and men. It is believed that sin harms the popular good hence there are periodical purification rites in order to promote public welfare. Worship requires a fundamental attitude of strict discipline and reverence. The Ritual SphereRites form and essential pull up stakes of social life. Rites invoke ancestors and the dead. The whole person, body, and psyche are totally involved in worship. There are many rites of purification of individuals and communities. Religious sacredness is preserved in ritual, in dress and the arrangem ents of the places of worship. The sick are healed in rites, which involve their families and the community. Some of the tralatitious blessings are rich and very meaningful. In worship and sacrifice there is co-responsibility each person contributes his contribution in a spirit of participation. Symbols bridge the spheres of the sacred and secular and so make possible a balanced and unified view of reality. An important part of the African traditional religion is the presence of spirits.The Spiritual SphereIn the African world spirits are everywhere in persons, trees, rivers, animals, rocks, mountains and ever automobiles and opposite personal effects. The presence of these spirits in the African society offers a serious challenge to the behavior patterns of the people on the continent and elsewhere because traditional religious practices permeates every aspect of life on the continent. These spirits in many ways act as moral entrepreneurs of the African society. They abhor crime s equivalent adultery, stealing, cheating and suicide. These spirits communicate their wishes, demands and prescriptions to the larger society through the traditional priests. The traditional priests are able to satisfy their clients through the performance of rituals.

Comparing Gilliams Brazil and Radfords Adaptation of 1984 :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Gilliams Brazil and. Radfords Adaptation of 1984 While researching for a book on the making of and feud over the American release of Terry Gilliams Brazil, author Jack Mathews read virtually every review of the film printed in the join States and found that very few failed to refer to the film as futuristic or Orwellian. The comparisons are understandable, if inaccurate, says Mathews, There isnt a futuristic element in Brazil. The study is Orwellian, in the sense that it is set in a totalitarian state where individuality is smothered by enforced conformity. But where George Orwell...was envisioning a upcoming ruled by fascism and technology, Gilliam was satirizing the bureaucratic, largely dysfunctional industrial world that had been driving him crazy all his life(Mathews). Terry Gilliams Brazil, made in 1985, at rootage glance, seems much like Michael Radfords film version of George Orwells 1984, made in 1984, in its setting and story. However, upon further examinati on of the two films, there are differences in direction and tone that outdo them from each other. 1984 is dark and gloomy from initiatening to end while Brazil, though still dark, has a much lighter atmosphere. The love stories presented in both films are unmistakably similar and make the plots seem closer to each other, but this is the only strong link they share, for differences in tone distance the films from each other. Because of its dark irritation, Brazil is a satire of the very society in which the story takes place, while 1984, though also a satire, lacks any humor whatsoever and is more of a horror story of a society that might await mankind. In the opening scene, Terry Gilliams Brazil seems to be rather jovial. A shot in which the camera hovers through the sky, passing in and out of clouds, starts the film off while the song Brazil, after which the movie was named, fills the soundtrack. Titles begin to appear over the soaring shot. The titles read, Somewhere in the 20th Century, informing the audience of the time period, but confusing them as well. The world in which the movies important character dwells is a dreary, dystopian, retro-futuristic metropolis, a far cry from anything that has been seen this century. In this world, nobody is protected from the government individuals are executed as a result of administrative errors. The compensation for these wrongful deaths is a simple refund check.

Quality Early Childhood Education Essay

This essay will identity three of feeling indicators which related to foregoing(predicate) childhood education ECE trained staff, small group size, and partnership with parents and families, then discuss about why they are important for children, parents and society.Firstly, young children should be cared by trained staff. Rouse and Tarrant (2001) stated staff should have high qualification, training, experience, and positive attitudes working with young children. Educators with high acknowledge are able to provide get hold of care and learning activities. Therefore, not only will children improve their social skills, but their parents will also get valued support and information (Rouse& Tarrant, 2001).In addition, small group size plays an important role in quality ECE. This means the children learn more, get on better with others, express themselves better and tint good about themselves (Rouse& Tarrant, 2001, p.13). For example, if children are well organized to watch how a bu tterfly to begin hatching from the chrysalis, they can observe more carefully by asking interesting questions. During this play, children can take advantage on making good relationships and intensive conversations. Without doubt, children will feel more valued and secure (Rouse& Tarrant, 2001).Finally, it is resilient for centres to have good partnership with parents and families. Both staff and parents should recognize childrens education is consistent learning which based on their families customs, values and beliefs (Grey, 1999). This means they pauperisation to respect and trust each other.This can be achieved by working together with decision-making (Ministry of Education, 1998). Obviously, they will get more opportunities to discuss how to improve childrens maturation more efficiently. Consequently, both parenting skills and childrens self-confidence will be enhanced, and the society will be the real winner as children are a previous resource for future society (Rouse& Tarr ant, 2001).To conclude, children will get long-term benefits, if they play in a small group, and be educated by high quality staffs who work with parents.And these benefits will extend to their family and the whole society as well. (332 words)

Grace Nichols Essay

In the poetry by Grace Nichols Of course when they ask for poems ab place the Realities of dismal women, this poem contains certain starts which reflect upon her realise as an immigrant moving from the Caribbean to the United Kingdom and how she collaborates her devil worlds together, by using both Creole, the language from her homeland and Standard English. She resists the notions of the discolour women in a modern-day society through her poetry and is rather fond of her Caribbean heritage and also still being proud of her European custom and seeing it as be to her. This space in between of being a writer between two worlds, atomic number 18 all geographical, ethnical and personal and there is a split that is caused not only by physical migration but by the adoption of new cultural customs, and the personal rifts of identicalness and agency. Grace Nichols strived to find her voice in London to write about her homeland Guyana, and the pressing issues of black women ideologi es.She strives to be true to the inner language of her voice by fighting against these dogmas that conflictingly were being enforce from the colonial power that is her current homeland, the United Kingdom and she achieves this by creating something new. In her poem Of course when they ask for poems about the Realities of black women she defeats the black women stereotypes by refusing the diachronic legacy of the grotesque and patronizing colonial structures of the black women and the black women as frail victims. 1 She gets this message across in the poem when she states Maybe this poem is to say, that I like to see we black women full-of-we-selves walking Crushing out with each dancing step the twisted self-negating history weve inherited Crushing out with each dancing step,2 this is a split that is caused by the physical migration into a colonial country and her need to express the issue caused by colonial powers.Fortunately, by being a black British writer, her voice is heard m uch greater by those with fixed ideologies of black women. And, additionally she signifies that she has not missed her roots and the Caribbean blood still pumps within her veins, she continues to be the voice of her ancestors. In the essay by Stuart foyer, Cultural Identity and Diaspora he states that identity is seen through optic arts and cinemas be resources of resistance and identity, with which to confront the fragmented and pathological ways in which that incur has been reconstructed within the dominant regimes of cinematic and visual theatrical performance of the West. 3Hence a poem that wants to achieve this requires the experience to tell it. He is also implying that people of the diaspora need to take back their identity as it has been told for too long through the dominant cinema.Thus, Nicholss splits of geographical displacement have had a profound impact on her writing across two worlds and she has a strong backbone of agency, to be able to go against the norms o f her current geographical content and speak out to those ideologies influenced by dominate powers and the abused stereotypes already in their head. 4 Referring to the Western systems, the t one and only(a) in this poem portrays the ignorance of the West. Not only has her diaspora caused geographical splits in her literature but also produced cultural splits. Nichols expresses a diversity of cultural experiences of her migration to Britain and the constant intervention of a black British identity.Her poem signifies the split of cultural identity, we can see this within her writing on her experience, in the opening lines of the poem she states Of course when they ask for poems about the Realities of black women5 we get the idea that the industry requests her to write poems about what they assume the black women to be. Thus, asking her to subscribe to those cultural norms, however Nichols resists this request by saying I say I can write no poem giant enough to hold the essence of a b lack woman or a white woman or a green woman.6 Nicholss message is apparent here, that there is no fixed label of a black woman and that the black women comes in many different forms not one specific shape. By doing so she challenges the concept of the basic racial or gendered identity.The Green women7 is used by Nichols to show the significance of color, that it is not necessarily about black and white but more focused on woman in general, that the focus should not be on the color of skin. Hall states that, We all write and speak from a particular place and time, from a history and a culture which is specific. What we say is always in context, positioned.8 Nicholss separation from her homeland encourages her to resist the norms of the West and to use her experience and her new cultural knowledge of her new custom to confront the so called experience of the black women that has been reconstructed by the West through cinematic and visual representations. She finds her identity as a black British writer and also uses her multicultural identity, along side with her diaspora experience to her advantage to articulate herself and represent herimage as an authentic writer with strong agency. Nichols embraces the notion of split selves and her multicultural identity and it is evident in her poem when she mixes her mother tongue, Creole, her foreign tongue and Standard English.We capture this essence in line 39-41 a piece-a-pussy/ that see the pickney dem/ in the grip-a-hungry-belly9 she uses a mixture of both Creole and English to send her message across that she will always remain true to her traditions and that she is reclaiming her heritage whilst respectively qualifying on the legacy. These two languages were constantly interacting and Creole was considered as the inferior language by the colonial power, thus she deliberately uses Creole in her work to hold back hierarchical systems and her sense of agency is manifest. Furthermore, Nichols personal rifts from her diaspora have left her with an endless desire to return to her lost origins, she scarcely achieves this through her poetry and yes we cut supply to clear paths for our children and yes we throw spat to catch whale.10 She shifts between two identities, therefore one cannot say that identities are stable but rather that diaspora identities are those which are constantly producing and reproducing themselves anew, through transformation and difference.Nichols is a writer across two worlds as she is constantly interacting between her past Caribbean culture, and her present British culture, she finds vulgar ground between both. Therefore, her personal rifts of yearning, separation and nostalgia are also what characterize her diaspora experience in her poem. Grace Nicholss geographical, cultural and personal rifts are what absorb her diaspora literature, from physically moving to London from the Caribbean and finding her voice in a place where they are considered a minority, toward learning to conform and adapt to the new cultural values and norms of the British.Whilst, at the same time remembering your motherlands traditions and values. We do not lose the sense that she is a Caribbean writer throughout her poem Of course when they ask for poems about the Realities of black women, because she fuses Creole and English together to form her new identity as a black British writer. I relate to her experience, as I too am a person in between two worlds, straddling two cultures and I too have desires for my motherland Iraq, and the stereotypes of our culture forces one to find a space in between to discover an identity suitable in both worlds. Her poem has a sense of hope and delight that one of a diasporaidentity can explore and is free to be more than one person, that the black women is a myth, although black women are still exposed to slavery, their courage may lead to a promising future.BibliographyHall, Stuart. Cultural identity and diaspora. Identity Community, Culture, Difference. Ed. Jonathan Rutherford. London Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. 222-237. Nichols, Grace. Of course when they ask for poems about the Realities of black women Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Woman. London Virago, 1989.

How do babies develop language? Essay

Language is the major promoter in which human beings communicate. Language is also needed to satisfy the human need to plow come out of the closet emotions, complex needs, thoughts and ideas. Spoken delivery is a structured set of sounds while written phrase is a structured set of symbols. Language is acquired or learned, and the ability to manipulation talking to effectively greatly affects our ability to operate well within society. Thither are different forms of language, which are used at different times for different situations, these requires a high take of skill and young children need the opportunity to acquire this skill.Sounds are the raw materials of spoken language. These sounds abide by together to form words, combined and brought together in special and complex steerings to form sentences. The meaning in a sentence is communicated by the way in which words are combined. For most children, the ability to pronounce words correctly and to use appropriate grammar are acquired in the same way as other language skills. Children require good role models, the opportunity to use their language skills and constructive feedback to ad exclusively and refine these skills.There are times, however, that close to children fool difficulties in pronouncing words which may require help from speech therapist. These childrens needs are greatly important and to seek help for the child language is the main tool that human beings use for thinking. Thinking can be done without language, such as recalling pictures, images and tactile sensation but these are just considered as simple level These ways of thinking and recalling information are not complex enough for all that is demanded of human beings (Beaver 139). First language learnednessMost researchers have the same opinion that typically, developing healthy babies go through the same language acquisition stages no matter what their first language is. Newborn infants cry, but they do not pip speechlike so unds until they reach 3 months old, when they begin to make what are called ooing vowel sounds. During six months of age, babies start to babble and make consonant-vowel combination sounds like ba-ba-ba and da-da-da. They practice these sounds leading to intonation patterns growth similar to whatever language they hear and is spoken in their environment.They keep trying out varieties of consonant-vowel combinations until they utter the first word which is the next stage in their discipline. The name of a family member is usually the first word or it could be a favorite food or toy, or an action word, such as bye-bye, down, or no. New words are step by step added and babies usually over generalize words such as mommy to represent all women, or doggy to mean all four-legged, furry creature. truly soon, the one-word utterance is retained to have sentence meaning the holophrastic stage.In these stage, the one-word such as more means I want more, or up means Pick me up. Most linguist s believe that children at this stage understand more language than they can produce. Children begin to put two words together and form two-word sentences between one and one-half and two years of age. Children already can recognize and even produce many words, but it is here that we witness the beginning of syntactical and semantic relations. Give me. All gone. Daddy home. Bye Mommy. Children do not mark the words with inflections for tense, number, or person.At this stage, they do not usually use pronouns, except for me referring to themselves. The next stage is the telegraphic stage, when children start to form sentences that sound like telegrams because these three-, four-, and several-word sentences are made up of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and any(prenominal) pronouns sequenced in the correct word order, but without inflectional endings or function words such as the, a, or prepositions. Sentences like Doggy mutant ball, Chair fall down What her name? Me want that. are of ten times heard (Seymour, Luria and Smoke 5). Biological, or innate, theory of Chomsky and Slobin The theory of Chomsky (1957) is establish on the principle that the brain has an inbuilt facility for language and that human beings are genetically programmed to develop language. The theory sought to provide an explanation for the means by which a baby develops language skills. Chomskys theory thus involvements language skills to the process of maturation. It emphasizes the biological control of language development and declines contextual factors.However, Chomsky does not point out that in order to trigger this innate capacity for language, children need to hear language spoken. The importance of language as an activeness is given emphasis, rather than the specific language spoken by those in contact with the child. Slobin, added ideas to Chomskys approach, explained that babies and very young children respond to language sounds and sound consequences, which he called operating pri nciples and research supports this view. Babies do initially respond to sound, tone, intonation and rhythm regardless of the language spoken.This would appear a logical answer to the question of how language develops however, if we were preprogrammed to learn language then all children would learn language in the same way, regardless of the culture in which they were born. But this is not the case (MacLeod-Brudenell and Maclead-Brudenell 176). cognitive models of Vygotsky and Piaget While the biological models of language development stress the innate ability of children to acquire language, cognitive models, on the other hand, focus more on the kinship between the developments of childrens cognitive skills and language development.In terms of language, the approach taken by Piaget differs from Vygotsky in one important facet. Piaget considered language development to be primarily an egocentric activity and to provide a challenging environment is the role of the gravid which would stimulate the childs learning capabilities (MacLeod-Brudenell and Maclead-Brudenell 176). To Piaget, language was instead independent from actions that lead to reasoning. For Piaget, talking to children in order to explain things before they were at an appropriate stage of understanding is pointless.Vygotsky, on the other hand, believed that language takes buttocks within a social framework and adults have vital role in actively stimulating the child in order to support and extend the childrens learning. Vygotsky noted that in the earliest stages of speech, children talk aloud to themselves and practitioners who work with very young children confirms in this case. Vygotsky sees this inner speech as an important link between language and thoughts in the young child.As children become more aware of what they are thinking, this inner speech becomes internalized (MacLeod-Brudenell and Maclead-Brudenell 179). Bruners approach to language development Bruner is also considered as one of the most influential theorists in the field of language development. Bruner focused his early research on the relationship between adult scaffolding, learning and childrens language. He emphasizes the linkage between language and communication and the encouragement of childrens understanding of how language works.The holistic approach to language comprises opthalmic cues, gestures and body language, turn-taking and the conventions of social use of language (MacLeod-Brudenell and Maclead-Brudenell 179). Monitoring childrens language development Effective child-care workers informally monitor childrens development through their insouciant interactions with the children. Their intimate knowledge of undivided children allows them to identify such progress or development, or if a child may need support. There are some establishments that also monitor childrens language development in a more formal way.They may use a checklist, developmental chart or diary in which, each childs develo pment is recorded and made available for future planning and interaction. It is important to take note that when assessing childrens language developmental level, there is sometimes a difference between a childs actual language ability and their ability to use expressive (spoken) language (Beaver 157). Factors affecting language development Successful language development of children needs a rich, stimulating environment that offers the opportunity for experiences suitable to their level of development.These are a number of factors that influence the quality of the language development 1) the presence of positive role models 2) the opportunity for the children to practice their language skill 3) positive feedback to enable the children to pick up language and to adjust and refine their language skills (Beaver 158). Supporting children with language delay All children come to a care put with different experiences and this includes their experience of language. Because the experience s that a child has had are so influential in their development, not all children develop language in the same pace.inside any group of children there will be a wide range of proficiency in language. This could include children who have delayed language development in relation to the expected range of norms. It is important that each child is treated as an individual and that their needs are assessed and met. When a childs language development is delayed, there are a number of agencies who may be involved are health visitor, speech therapist, portage worker, language unit, nursery staff, individual classroom report, support form charitable organizations (Barnardos, NCH Action for Children), local initiative (self-help groups) (Beaver 159).

Department of Care and Professional Studies Edexcel Level 3 for Children and Young People’s Workforce Unit 13 Promoting Children’s Learning and Development in the Early Years Assignment Task 1 Direct Observation

Department of Care and Professional Studies Edexcel Level 3 for Children and Young Peoples Workforce social unit 13 Promoting Childrens Learning and Development in the Early Years Assignment T command 1 Direct Observation and Professional discussion sagacity Criteria (Unit 13) 1. 3explain how the documented outcomes are assessed and save 2. 2engage effectively with children to encourage the childs participation and involvement in planning their own study and development activities. 3. 2prepare, hardened out and support activities and experiences that encourages learning and development in each area of the relevant premature years framework 4. work alongside children, engaging with them in order to support their learning and development 4. 3 use language that is accurate and appropriate in order to support and extend childrens learning when undertaking activities While on work experience you will be visited by your motorcoach/teacher who will observe your practice to determine your competency. Your tutor will observe you and record your performance and where it meets the criteria listed above it will be recorded on the Direct Observation pages in your Professional Practice Log. all(prenominal) observed criteria will be credited to you. In some cases where a criteria has not been full demonstrated through observation, the visiting teacher will ask you an oral question or hold a professional discussion with you to enable you to fully meet that criteria. This discussion will also be recorded in your Professional Practice Log but on the Professional Discussion page and where competency is confirmed you will credited with the criteria, Task 2 Underpinning Knowledge Evidence Assessment criteria (Unit 13) 1. explain each area of the areas of learning and development and how these are interdependent Assessment criteria (Unit 12) 1. 1explain the legal status and principles of the relevant early years framework/s, and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings Scenario You have been asked to prepare an information pack for the new students who will be starting your setting next term. You should provide guidance which explains the following a)The purpose and legal status of the early years frameworks and how it relates to achievement of the Every Child Matters Outcomes (Unit 12 criteria 1. ) (Unit 13 criteria 1. 2) b) Provide explanations of each area of learning and development identifying their interdependency. Internally verified _______________________________ Date ______________ Task 3 Promoting Childrens Learning and Development This labor links to your practical placement. The play and learning activities that you carry out while in each of your placements will be used to meet the assessment criteria for this labor movement Assessment criteria (Unit 13) 2. use different sources to plan work for individual child or group of children 2. 2support the planning cycle for childrens learning and development 3. 1explai n how practitioners get on childrens learning within the relevant early years framework. 4. 2explain the importance of engaging with a child to support sustained shared thinking 5. 1 reflect on your own practice in supporting learning and development of children in their early years. 5. 2 demonstrate how to use reflection to imprint changes in own practiceIn each of your three placements, following consultation with your supervisor, you will plan, provide and evaluate five learning activities/experiences that promote childrens learning and development. For each activity you must show the flowing- ?your planning (criteria 2. 1) ?evaluation of the child/childrens learning outcome with recommendations for extending the child/childrens learning (criteria 3. 1 4. 2. ) ? evaluation of your plan with recommendations for improvement and changes to your own practice (criteria 2. 2 5. 1 5. 2)

With Independence Comes Greater Responsibility.

With independence comes greater responsibility. Ring Ring the alarm clock wakes me up at precisely 730 am on the first day of summer. My parents rush into my room yelling at me to get up. Im oblivious to whats chance because my eyes are still half closed. As I regain my senses I see that my parents are wearing tank-tops and shorts. Instantly I remember that were going to China for the summer. After that commotion my parents left the room leaving me with two empty bags to be filled with my belongings that would last me two months. Its inevitable that Ill forget something, I mean I always do.Every summer we go to vacations and I always forget to bring the right descend of underwear or my prescribed cream because commonly my mom does it for me. This succession its different, Im older and I should be able to do it myself. I arbitrarily put everything in my bag. From every item of clothing, every pair of shoes plus the things in between. Next thing you know Im at the airport with my parents unloading our luggage onto a cart. Inside, at the terminal desk the woman behind the counter was telling us that they were overbooked causing us to get upgraded to first class, but there was a problem.There were only two spots available, and one of us had to wait for the next flight. I told my parents that i wanted to stay behind, i mean, i wanted to prove to them that i was responsible enough plus it was kind of romantic for them to be alone. They actually listened to what i had to set up and gave me what i wanted. Fast forward to the skim being boarded i was watching my parents leave with bring out me, i had a little anxiety because it would be the first time that my parents let me go alone.Soon after they left i went to my gate with the help of the airport employees because i didnt have a clue where anything was. I was on my own and i felt a little heartache watching the families around me having fun and bonding. We were being called onto the plane. First they called f irst class, seniors then it was my turn. I hand over my ticket and showed her my passport she noticed the tenseness in my body language and said you look nervous, are you okay? . I managed to let out a quiet yes even though i was telling a lie.I entered the plane and found my seat and sat down. After everyone settled down the plane started to move. It was doing circles around the driveway to warm up its engine. Then it stops and i could hear a huge roar from the engine. Before lift mop up my dad would always give me gum before liftoff so my ears wouldnt pop. He would always buy juicy fruit but this time he wasnt here and i didnt have any. I forced myself to withstand the pressure. After the successful liftoff my moms lap would be my catch ones breath and my mom would look at for a blanket.I was getting cold and tired so i asked the stewardess for a pillow and a blanket, just like how my parents would ask if they were with me. The blanket and pillow were amazingly comfy and i qui ckly fell asleep. Excuse me sir Excuse me sir It was the flight attendant asking me if i want beef or chicken. My parents would usually get my food for me and let me sleep longer. They werent here so i just picked what the guy beside me picked, beef. The airplane food was gross, i never like it.I could see the family across from me and how they were all enjoying their meals and pretending that they were at their dinner table exchanging stories that happened to them. I sat quietly eating my meal. Then the guy beside me started to talk to me somewhat the show i was watching. I usually never talk to anyone on the plane, but this time i thought i would give it a try. So i talked to him and he seem to be an interesting person to talk to. We talked the whole way before the seat belt sign went on. This is when we start get and at that point my body started to shiver.I was always afraid of landing. My mom would usually hold my hand to keep me calm, but she wasnt here. The guy who had bec ome my conversancy saw me shiver and asked me whats wrong with me. I manned up and told him nothings wrong. Those last few seconds as the plane started to descend were the scariest time of my life. I kept my composure, and stayed calm. I knew i could do this , i know i can, I can, I can, I can. The heart was beating super fast. Then i heard SCREECH and i was safe. I knew my parents were waiting for me and i couldnt wait to get off to see them again. I was so proud of myself.

The Effect of Exclusionary Rule and Fourth Amendment

The Effect of the tail Amendment is to puzzle the courts of the united States and Federal officials, in the exercise of their own actor and authority, under limitations and restraints as to the exercise of much(prenominal) power and authority, and to forever secure the people, their individuals, preindications, papers and effects against each unreasonable searches and seizures under the guise of law (Ronald 605). The Constitution does not tolerate warrantless, therefore unratified, police force searches and seizuresunless there is probable cause.The rights which the Fourth Amendment states were strengthened when the Supreme chat up preceded the Exclusionary Rule, and herefore, the rights of the people were strengthened as The Exclusionary Rule, outset preceded in 1914, is the understanding, based on Supreme Court precedent, that incriminating information must be seized according to constitutional specifications of due process, or it will not be allowed as march (Schmalle ger 273). Even the guilt-ridden carry a right to claim innocence. Hence, this right would be worthless if incriminating evidence was allowed to be obtained, distributed, and used il legally.Further more(prenominal), according to the Supreme Court, If letters and toffee-nosed documents bum thus be seized and held and used in evidence gainst a citizen accused of an offense, the protection of the Fourth Amendment declaring his right to be sure against such searches and seizures is of no value, and, so for as those thus placed are concerned, might as well be stricken from the Constitution (Ronald 605). If that tainted violence can be used in court, then the 4th Amendment offers no trustworthy protection to a person accused of a crime (Magruder 524). The exclusionary form was intended to put teeth into the 4th Amendment, and it has (Magruder 524).The Court further built upon the rules concerning evidence in 1918, with the Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine-a legal principle which excludes from introduction at trial some(prenominal)(prenominal) evidence later developed as a result of an originally illegal search or seizure (Schmalleger 274). The Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine was oblige after the case of Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States in 1918. Frederick Silverthorne and his sons were accused of avoiding payment on federal taxes. They were asked to hand over their companys books. The Silverthornes refused, citing their Fifth Amendment privilege against self- incrimination (Schmalleger 274). suddenly thereafter, some federal agents ignored their rights and without warrant, eized the wanted books anyway. Since this was an unconstitutional act, the Silverthornes lawyer testified and asked for the books to be returned. The prosecutor granted his request, and the books were returned. Expecting all incriminating evidence to have descended, the Silverthornes where testified in trial. more to their surprise, however, the prosecution had made photoc opies of the books they seized, and used them as evidence against the Silverthornes.Hence, they were convicted in federal court. They appealed their conviction and their appeal reached the Supreme Court. The Court uled that just as illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a trial, neither can evidence be used which derives from an illegal seizure (Schmalleger 274). The conviction of the Silverthornes was turn and they were set free. The illegal evidence reproduced from materials obtained by an illegal seizure dismissed the whole case because the prosecutors did not follow the Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine.Think of it this way If you have a box full of apples, and then you put a rotten one in the bunch, they will all become rotten at some point. Hence, all the evidencefruitobtained from an illegal miserlypoisoned reeis not admissible even if the evidence itself is good (Gomez interview). Even if a case is developed on age of police research, it may be dejected if that res earch and the evidence it revealed was obtained Like the Constitution, however, the exclusionary rule is not written in stone. It can be amended and exceptions can be installed to it.In the case of United Sates v. Leon in 1984, the exclusionary rule was first modified with the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule. This exception states that law enforcement officers who conduct a search, or seize evidence, on the basis of ood faith (that is, where they believe they are operating according to the dictates of the law) and who later discover that a mistake was made (perhaps in the format of the application for a search warrant) may distillery use, in court, evidence seized as the result of such activities (Schmalleger 277).In the Leon case, the officers involved acted upon probable cause, a legal criterion residing in a set facts and circumstances which would cause a reasonable person to believe that a fussy other person has committed a specific crime (Schmalleger 277). The suspect, Leon, was accused of trafficking drugs. He was placed nder control, which showed evidence of large amounts of hidden drugs. This lead the investigators to apply for a search warrant. They believed that they were in compliance with the Fourth Amendment requirement that no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause (Schmalleger 277).Although Leon was convicted of drug trafficking, a later ruling in a federal district court resulted in the suppression of evidence against him on the basis that the original affidavit, or document demonstrating the probable cause, prepared by the police had not, in the opinion of the court, been sufficient to establish probable cause (Schmalleger 277). Shortly after, the government petitioned the Supreme Court to decide if the evidence gathered by the officers may still be admissible in trial.The Court decided When law enforcement officers have acted in objective good faith or their transgressions have been minor, the magnitude of the earn co nferred on such guilty defendants offends basic concepts of the criminal justice system (Schmalleger 277). Due to this, Leons It is no doubt that over the past few decades more and more justice agencies have become dependent upon computer technology for record management and other purposes (Schmalleger 282).Hence, the likelihood of omputer-generated errors will vastly grow When this trend continues. Computer-generated errors have become the base of another exception to the exclusion rule, the computer errors exception. It was first created in the 1995 case of Arizona v. Evans. Mr. Isaac Evans was stopped for driving the wrong way on a one-way street. With a computer check reporting an outstanding arrest warrant, he was taken into custody. Shortly after, Evans was convicted due to the police finding marihuana in his car.After his arrest, however, police learned that the arrest warrant reported to them by their computer had actually been quashed a few eeks earlier but, through the cl erical oversight of a court employee, had never been removed form the computer (Schmalleger 282). The Court later decided that the officers who made the arrest cannot be held accountable for their unwilling disobedience of the exclusionary rule. They were simply acting in good faith according to the information that was provided to them at the time.Isaac The Supreme Courts articulation of the exclusionary rule came in Weeks v. United States, 1914. This was the first landmark case concerning search and seizure and it changed to Fourth Amendment forever. The defendant, Mr. Freemont Weeks, was convicted for selling lottery tickets through the US Postal Service. The evidence against him included various letters and documents that had been seized from his business firm during a warrantless search (Ronald 604).When Weeks moved for a return of the property due to the violation of the Fourth Amendment in the officers part, only the non-incriminating evidence was given back. Hence, Weeks w as convicted. However, shortly after, he appealed his conviction and it reached the Supreme Court. There, his lawyer reasoned that if some of his clients belongings had been illegally seized, then the emainder of them were also taken improperly (Schmalleger 273).The Supreme Court reversed The United States Marshal could only have assaultd the house of the accused when armed with a warrant issued as required by the Constitution, upon sworn information and describing with reasonable particularity the thing for which the search was to be made. Instead, he acted without sanction of law, doubtless prompted by the desire to bring further proof to the aid of the Government, and under solor of his office undertook to some(prenominal)er a seizure of private papers in direct violation of the constitutional prohibition against such action.Under such circumstances, without sworn information and particular description, not even an order of court would have justified such procedure, much less was it within the authority of the United States Marshal to thus invade the house and privacy of the accused (Ronald 605). The Court held that the seizure of items from Weeks residence directly violated his constitutional rights and that the governments refusal to return Weeks possessions violated the Fourth Amendment (Oyez).Thus, the Supreme Court overturned Weeks earlier convictions and the However, the Weeks case made the exclusionary rule pertinent to only the federal government. It was not until Mapp v. Ohio that it also became applicable to the States. Miss Mapp and her daughter by a cause marriage lived on the floor of the two-family dwelling (Case 1). Police officers had been on her trail because she was suspected of obscuring, in her house, a man wanted for information on a recent bombing, and for the possession of lewd books and pictures, which was unconstitutional (Supreme 1081).When the officers insisted on entering her home for investigation, she refused, asking them to get a warrant first. The officers advised their headquarters of the situation and undertook surveillance of the house (Case 1). Some three hours later, a larger amount of officers arrived at the scene. When they asked her to come out once again and she repeatedly refused, one of the doors in her house was forcibly opened and the policemen commenced their illegal search in the house.Miss Mapps lawyer arrived shortly after but the officers, having secured their own entry and continuing their defiance of the law, would endure him neither to see Miss Mapp not to enter the house Miss Mapp continued to protest this illegal act and demanded to see the search warrant. One of the officers sustain up a fake one, which was snatched from his hand by her and placed in her bosom. As a result, there was a big struggle and she was handcuffed. Afterwards, she was forced upstairs where the investigators searched her closets, dressers, rooms, the rest of the second floor, the childs room, the livi ng room, the kitchen, and a dinette.During that widespread and illegal search, the materials which she was suspected of holding were found, Prior decisions by the U. S. Supreme Court had led officers to expect that the exclusionary rule did not apply to agents of state and local law enforcement (Schmalleger 275).Nonetheless, Mapps conviction was overturned by the precedent-setting decision that the officers were acting gainst the Fourth Amendments guarantee that the exclusionary rule should be applicable to the States or shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the decent protection of the laws. (Schmalleger 275). The majority courts opinion, as Mr. Justice Black states, was that the constitutional basis of the rule announced by the Court in the present case was the Fourth Amendment s ban against unreasonable searches and seizures considered together with the Fifth Amendments ban a gainst compelled self- ncrimination (Supreme 1081).Thus, the exclusionary rule The exclusionary rules precedent brought forth two argumentative problems, however. One of these problems if that the present appeals system, focusing as it does upon the rules of the game, presents a ready-made channel for the guilty to go free (Schmalleger 273). If you think about it, the evidence needed to prove a person guilty of a crime is, to my understanding, enough the confirm the persons culpability, and that person should be punished nonetheless.It shouldnt matter whether or not the arresting officer(s) acted unconstitutionally, in which ase, both the criminal and the officer both should be punished. A persons guilt can never be decreased because of the misconduct of another (Gomez interview). Weeks, Mapp, and the Silverthornes are all examples of this problem. The evidence used to incriminate them, whether obtained legally or illegally, prove that they are guilty of disobeying the law in one wa y or another.Even if the police knowingly violate the principles of due process, which they sometimes do, our sense of justice is compromised When the guilty go free (Schmalleger 273). As police officers, it is their duty to make sure that the guilty are punished. The exclusionary rule somewhat gets in the way of this responsibility. Of course officers should not take advantage and act recklessly, but desperate times do call for desperate measures (Gomez Despite these problems, the exclusionary rules has obviously had some positive effects and changes on society.The Fourth Amendment is a very important and critical one in maintaining citizens property and privacy theirs and the exclusionary rule has established real value to it. The Exclusionary Rule has been justified in part on the ground that it is essential to prevent the fourth amendment from becoming a form of words, valueless and ndeserving of reboot in a perpetual charter of inestimable human liberties (Ronald 604).Also, th e Weeks, Mapp, and Silverthorne cases are all examples of the exclusionary rules protection against police misconduct. Just because theyre the boys in blue does not mean that they can be the boys who abuse (Gomez interview). As an American citizen, and thanks to the exclusionary rule, one has the right to object against illegal searches and seizures. The exclusionary rule In conclusion, the exclusionary rule totally revolutionized the power and rights against invasion of privacy and police misconduct.

Master of Business Administration Essay

Have you ever deployed your high hat team to resolve a difficulty and have the team execute flawlessly, only to find that the problem that was solved did non address the guests real need? This common scenario is often the address of widespread customer dissatisfaction and is all too prevalent in todays nonprofit c atomic number 18 environment where valuable resources argon needlessly and inadvertently wasted because problems are not accurately identified. prone the fast pace of change in todays market and the high volume of nurture that inundate leaders on a day by day basis, it is essential to have an approach for constituteing key organisational issues.Problems often arise at the senior leadership level and those leaders need to suppress their vivid inclination to immediately solve the problem. The t arrestency to react (Ready, fire, aim) often leads to less creative solutions that may not meet the real need. It is critical that a structured, deliberate approach be taken to solve building complex problems in order to arrive at a solution that testament allow effective coaction among all the key knowledge experts, so that they can generate useful ideas and achieve the desired result.A Structured Approach to Problem Solving Creative Problem Solving Buffalo Accurately systema skeletale the problem is the most important yard of the Creative Problem Solving Buffalo (CPSB) wreak. It is imperative to transform the problem and what makes the CPSB process effective is that it provides a structure, language, and tools for targeting opportunities. The problem identification framework under the CPSB model begins with the undertaking Appraisal Process. The Task Appraisal Process has four elements* People Are the right people on the job(p) on the tasks do they have the authority and responsibility to take action what level of sponsorship is being provided do the people have the necessary knowledge and skill to address the problem? * Outcomes Is there a shed light on understanding of the desired consequent is a current process being improved or are a new process being created what are the most and least important aspects of the problem how is the outcome that is desired different from what exits currently? Context What has been tried before to address this issue does it link to the strategical priorities are there the necessary resources (time, money, people, etc)? * Method How familiar are the people with the problem solving tools/methods that will be used? The Task Appraisal Process can be applied in a wide range of scenarios.Here are a few examples * Interviewing lymph nodes to evaluate and determine which problems to address and more effectively position services. Leading a group of cross functional leaders to develop a consensus on the important issue to solve and streamline the engagement. * Improving or repairing relationships with a previous client or organization. Identifying the Problem and example To lead custome rs in the problem solving process, it is important to determine the customers level of understanding of their problem. The selection of appropriate tools and techniques to facilitate the process will depend on the specificity of the issue. Are they broad challenges or opportunities? (e. g. My grant process takes too long. )* Do they need to close the happy chance between current and future state? (e. g. How can we better understand the grant approval process? ) * Do they understand their current state? (e. g. Can we articulate the current cycle time, how much does it make up today? Do we have the data to support our current assumptions? ) Tools and Techniques Structuring and framing the issues at the front end of the process is critical to successfully implementing the process.This approach provides users with a variety of tools ranging from idea generation to action readying and these tools used in conjunction with the process guidelines allow the user to achieve the desired res ult. The power is in the execution and the tools for executing the process are categorized into three areas * Generating ideas Incremental change or step change will determine the appropriate and most productive use of the nine available tools. * management There are eight tools that can compress a large quantity of options or others that are suited for in-depth analysis and development. Facilitation It is a leadership role.They need to know how to use a range of creativity methods, tools, and techniques as well as manage group dynamics and move the group toward the desired outcome. The extremely skilled facilitator will understand, plan, and manage the process to reach the desired outcome. A structured approach along with the proper tools and techniques can result in solving numerous issues that organizations face on a daily basis. It may take a little more time on the front end to identify the correct problem, but the ideas and solutions generated by the team will meet the n eeds and desires of your customers.

Tweet Less, Kiss More

Techno Tyranny Bob Herbert explains in his article Tweet Less, Kiss More (published July 16th, 2010) how applied science has grown so much throughout the years and how we have made to a greater extent than time for our gadgets than for people intimately to us. Instead of being with our families and comrades we send them a quick email or text message when we should be cherishing moments together. We ar so warped in our own lives and blinded by technology that we are lose out on the real world and wasting precious time we coffin nailnot get back.These days we cigarett seem to confine ourselves away from a estimator for less than a day or drive to and from the grocery store without sending a text or calling a friend while on the road. Were tweeting our private lives on the internet but wont take time to be with our families. Cell phones have only been introduced to humans recently and weve survived without them for decades, so why cant we manage to walk out the door without t hem today?The advances in technology over the former(prenominal) few years are incredible, and all very convenient, but as Herbert described it, The blessed wonders of technology are overwhelming us. We dont control them they control us. These different means of communication are beginning to tear relationships and friendships apart. More and more people are revealing their personal feelings behind computer screens and finding themselves unable to do so face-to-face. More and more romances are started and ended through texting. impose rooms are being created for meeting others and starting long distance relationships.Children and adults are struggling more with public speaking and are experiencing anxiety due to relying on keyboards instead of verbal communication. With humans relying more and more on technology, we are wasting valuable time communicating through electronics and affecting our relationships with others by trying to sustain them through texting or instant messaging . Its time for humans to put their stall phones away, close their laptop screens and Tweet Less, Kiss More. Submitted by Olivia Gowan Date July 28th, 2010

Describe a room of your house: My drawing room

My living live has a peculiar shape. From the pinnacle it would look worry a big rectangular shape forms it with the longest grimaces face northward and south. To the side facing north it is then attached a smaller shape cognize as squargon.A menacing and ovalbumin fitted carpet has c overed the whole room.In addition to that, to the side facing south, is attached a half hexagonal shape.Inside the squ ar section of the room at that place is the television, which is a flat, screen Philips 40 inches. The television is on the top of one of the 12 shelves that compose the TV storage combination drawer. The six drawers under the shelves, two for each column that means that over the drawers in that location are four shelves, are smooth running as puff up as accessorised with a drawer stop.The post is provided with a groove prepared for lighting and cabling, basically foil name and address and aluminium. The shelves are In treated glass. The glossiness of the drawers is sinle ssness.In the shelves there CDs of any existing form as well as my silver medal and green XBOX 360, speakers, DVD player brand Philips and skys white digital box.On the topside of the environ facing east there is a black glass bookcase with admissions. It is composed of 14 adjus confuse shelves in addition whenever I want I keister adjust the spacing amid them to my needs.On the bottom of the bulwark facing west there is a glass door cabinet. The cabinet is in tinted solid spruce. The raw material that has been used for the cabinet is strawberries trees wood. The colour is dark brown and it is equipped with 8 shelves. On top of them there are mainly glasses as well as two tees services in porcelain.In the center of the room there is a painted finish white coffee table. The top is in glass with the corners reinforced in wood. The bottom part is in wood. The table is pretty short, as it has to go on level with the sofa.The sofa is divided in three sections that can be moved ar ound in order to create a suitable combination. Its rephult white describe is removable. The sofa is a hundred percent cotton. Its steel frames are chrome plated and therefore it gives then that silver shiny look. Positioned on top of them there are two black cushions each.On the same wall there is a portray painted by Boccelli, the paint represents a man who has nothing and rests on the doorstep of an Italian church.Whenever I walk deep down it a feel weird however. I dont spot why but I dont feel at home and wish for braking free out of its imperceptible grasp. I suppose this could mean that I dont like my house or I dont like my family.I dont really know what to say I like sitting on the sofa alone because I am use to it, however if my father were to sit beside me uneasiness would fill me.Describing the eat roomMy eat room and kitchen are separated by a sliding door therefore I like to think of them as u unique room although they arent. It has a kind of rectangular shape.Th e floor of my dining room is in dark brown wood consequently it can also be called parquet, which from french means wooden patterned floor.On top of the parquet there is a rug. The wool is soil-repellent as well as hard wearing. It is composed by a hundred percent-multi morose wool although the prevalent colour is burgundy.In the center of the room there is a huge dining table make of oak veneer. It visibly is brown and a shady one as well. It has a height of abut 74 centimetres.The ten minces are made of solid beech. The cover is sensibly dry-cleaned as it is made of 75 percent cotton and the remaining twenty-five percent of viscose/rayon.The legs of the chairs are tinted in brown black while the rest is in sanne white.The more elongated sides of the room are in communication with the south-central and North Pole. Very close to the wall facing east there is an armchair that could even substitute the chair of the person that heads the table as it is on the same level.The armcha ir is made of the same material of which the chair are made of a part from the legs which are made of plated chrome.The cover of the seat is removable, as the colour white can easily be soiled by any other colour, in order of macrocosm washed and then placed over again. If it tears it can then be substituted. On the north wall there is a portray entitled Sur La Table.Two pendant lamps ignite the room, which creates two different shades.The lamp is handmade. The material used is natural wood, not the synthetic one.Positioned ion the table there are four green, red, blue and purple candles.Attached to the wall facing west there is a red-glassed door cabinet.The cabinet is formed by twelve sliding shelves, which can change the amount of space between them. Inside them there are different kinds of glassesVodka, whisky, rheum, cocktail, champagne, snaps white wine, red wine, wine, juice and water. Other things inside are porcelain platesSaucers, mugs, sugar bowl, cream jugs, trays, se rving stands, oven/serving dishes, serving plates, oven serving plates with holders, gravy jugs, serving bowls with lid, side plates, deep plates and normal plates.Describing My BedroomMy room has a rectangular silhouette with edges which assume been change surface so that it gives them that modern design look as well as making the walls looking as single one that encircles the room.The colour of the walls is light blue it strongly as well as nostalgically remembers me of the ocean that surrounds the place from which I come from, Jamaica.Similarly the colour of the wall is deep blue.I have six light bulbs inserted inside the empty corresponding cavities, which were previously made on the covering wall all of them can rotate and focus in different points.The floor instead of being made of marbles is parquet, which means wooden floor moreover its colour is obviously golden-brown. It is basically patterned blow out of the water constituted of rectangular timber boards.My beds longe st side is sided by the right wall of my room, while my face-to-face computer and peripherals are on the other side of the room. The writing desk is equipped with a lamp as well as a laptop. It is made of stainless steel while the legs in powder-coated steel. Stool is silver coloured which goes well with the colour of the table as well as the one of the laptop. Under the table there I have a pedal bin in galvanised steel.Inside my room there is also a television that faces the door and is right in front of the north wall under it I have my green XBOX 360 as well as my black play station 2.To its right I have a double glazed window, which does not allow the external rumours to enter inside my room.On the bottom right corner I have a four-door wardrobe its doors are made of tempered glass reinforced with wood on the edges.On the centre of the room I have a red seating combination sofa. It is soft,Hardwearing and easy to care leather. Its legs are in Nickel-plated steel.In conclusion room is something material to others while to me its something precious and as a live as me since it can represent me and it does. What is deflect to some is order to me, this is something that I cannot change. Studying pack belongings can mean understanding people since their feeling usually are enclosed in these loveless objects to strangers that appear alive to their owner.

Review of Anxiety Scales for Children and Adults Essay

Abstract Psychology studying is very abstract homunculus of raveling. It indispensabilitys to be establish on correct research and solid evidence in order of battle to be considered effective. This reexamine goes in depth to examine the engagement of this test and how valid it is at proving the creation and level of anxiety in children and adults. in that location argon many items and aspects of the test reviewed herein, including, the normative sample conclave, the facial expression of the test and the overall effectiveness of the test to come to a plausible conclusion and diagnosis. This review should march as a good guide in how to best apply this test and what aspects may need to be revised in order to provide a more efficient and useful test. testing NameAnxiety eggshells for Children and Adults.AuthorBattle, JamesPublication Date1993Publisher In doionPRO-ED, Inc., 8700 Shoal brook Blvd., Austin, TX 78758-6897Prices as of 1994$84 per complete kit including examin ers manual, 50 establishs Q, 50 bring ins M, score acetate, and arrangement audiocassette$31 per examiners manual$19 per 50 Forms Q or 50 Forms M$6 per scoring acetate$14 per authorities audiocassette.Online Availability This test is exactly available in scripted form or a tape recorded form.The test, Anxiety Scales for Children and Adults, is intended to show if a single(a) has anxiety and, if so, at what level they have anxiety. It seeks to show the presence and level of anxiety by a series of drumheads that relate to symptoms of anxiety. The test is only arranged based upon period with one group for course of action nine and under and the second group being grade 10 and above. there is a contrary test form for each group. However, the test does non separate out by gender or using any an other(prenominal) factors except the ii age groups. The test could be described as being both unidimensional and multidimensional. This is based upon the fact that the only differ ential is the basic age group.No factor analyses, ind considerablying consistency coefficients, or empirical-criterion keying (item scores for anxious versus non-anxious persons or treatment effects studies) argon account. No controls for faking are indicated. Although developmental differences between master(a) (second through sixth grades) and junior luxuriously (seventh through ninth grades) students were reported, no other age changes are indicated.Particularly important would be an examination of high school students versus adults and age changes through each elementary grade. A face/content examination indicates the volume of items relate to usualized anxiety and physiological symptoms, with some attention to setting and stimulus triggers. up. (Oehler-Stinnett,2007)There are no distinguishing points made for gender, race or even specific age, as mentioned in this quote from the Oehler-Stinnett review of the test. As far as theoretical and empirical foundations, this tes t is very throttle. The test development was non capablely reported to al woeful for any hypothesis to be made. Additionally, the lack of sub-scales and any rationale discover for the procedure is a great default for deciding if the test has any clinical application.There is likewise a problem with the actual use of information in the test. The questions are non properly be as to what, if anything, makes them an anxiety trigger and worthy of being utilise to determine if a person suffers from anxiety. It is only stated that they are symptoms commonly reported by people with anxiety. As this analysis of the test reports, this leads to questions about the validity of the testThe specific sources of the item pools from which the author selected the items are unknown. It is merely stated the items represent symptoms typically reported by individuals experiencing anxiety. The final items that appear on the scales apparently have never been subjected to item analysis, internal c onsistency analysis, and factor analysis, all of which are standard scale construction procedures. (Merenda,2007)The test manual does not caution nor imply that such limitations exist and the catalog actually reports erroneous information as to the coat of the sample group. The test is intended to be used for the diagnosis, treatment and research of anxiety. The test is in two different formats. The childrens, Form Q, and the adults, Form M are both designed to reach the alike(p) outcome, however, they are designed to be easy to complete for the different age groups. Form Q is a truthful yes or no choice test and has 25 questions. Form M is a rating transcription test where individuals will choose from one to five, with one being always and five being never, and is comprised of 40 questions.There are no subscales to this test. The only scale for the test was constructed without analysis of item, internal consistency and factor. separately test has its own scale. The scales are both pretty basic with the only outcome being if the individual has anxiety and if so, the intensity of the anxiety. There is no allowance for faking or the possibility of conditions of a similar nature, such as depression. The total testing time is ten to fifteen minutes. The administration procedure is straightforward in nature with instructions for Form Q to be answered with a yes or no answer and Form M is to be based upon the 5 point scale given. The tests are in written, paper and pencil format with the questions to be read by the individual taking the test. There is an allowance for oral administration and other modifications, if necessary to assist the administration of the test. The test can be given individually or in a group setting. The test administrator is expected to have knowledge and familiarity with psychometrics and understand the standards of good test evaluation and use. The manual specifically points out that the administrator should have knowledge of the Amer ican mental Associations published standards of good test development and use from 1954. There is no annexe to special circumstance or any special considerations that should be made in the test administration. There is the recommendation that the test interpretation should be conducted under the supervising and assistance of a psychologist or other professionally trained individual.The type of scoring for Form Q is based upon the amount of yes or no answers. Form M scoring is based upon the rating given to each question. The stark naked scores are come and used to determine the level of anxiety based upon a classification table that goes from very low to very high. There are tables to help convert the percentile ranks and T-scores.The actual instructions for interpretation of the raw score, classification, percentile rank and T-score is very limited. In fact, the conversion tables for each type of score are not in complete agreement with each other. This insinuates that only on e type of score should be used to score the test, not a combination of the different scoring options. There is also a question as the reliability of the scoring system used for this test. for the scale to be acceptable as a measure of treatment effects, all coefficients should be in the .90s. As noted, no internal consistency coefficients (alpha) were reported in that locationfore consistency of the scales in measuring the construct of anxiety cannot be examined. Standard error of beat was also not reported in the reliability, scoring, or interpretation sections. (Oehler-Stinnett,2007)The tables and scoring instructions are allow in in the manual.The technical evaluation of this test reveals numerous flaws. The manual does not give a full phase of the moon explanation of the normative sample. The description is rather simplified and gives the overview that the normative groups and reliability/validity groups overlap. The data was roll up in 1987 or 1988 and consisted of 247 adu lts for Form M, ages 15 to 63, and for Form Q it was based on 365 children of elementary school age and 433 children of junior high school age. Both groups were from the Midwest.The children group was equal in the ratio of males to females. The adult group had about twice the number of females as males. There is no information given as to the demographics of the groups in terms of minorities and no representation of SES levels, clinical populations or the exact ages of participants. There was distinction given for gender. The limited information makes it difficult to fully evaluate the sample groups effectiveness in standardizing this test.The reliability of the test is based upon two testing, the fender test and then a 2 week retest. The retest rate was at .84 for elementary age, .86 for junior high age and .96 for adults, which are all acceptable rates. The short retest period, however, does not allow for sufficient confirmation of a hypothesis and does not meet standards that ar e acceptable for the measuring of treatment effectiveness. Additionally, there is not enough consistency in the scales to allow for an accurate measurement of anxiety levels between the original test and retest.The validity of the test, Form Q, is given based upon comparison to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children and the Nervous Systems subtest of the atomic number 20 Test of Personality. The scale, however, is compared to the North American Depression Inventory for Children and the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory. Form M is compared to the Taylor Anxiety Scale for Adults and the Nervous Symptoms subscale of the California Test of Personality. Constructs were as high or higher in correlation. However, this is not discussed in detail in the manual. The validity coefficients according to gender showed similar patterns.The T-tests showed no major difference in the scores of Form Q, according to gender. For M showed a higher score for females than males, but there mustin ess be consideration for the fact that there were twice as many females as males taking this test. When tone at the mean, the difference was not major. The lack of validity evidence can not be overlooked. There are no studies that indicate the scale can accurately prove the difference between psyche who is experiencing anxiety and someone who is not. Additionally, there is a lack of supporting evidence for the use of this test in diagnosis and treatment of anxiety.A practical evaluation of this test shows no major indications of a problem. The use of two separate forms for different age groups allows for the test to be easy to use and understand for each group. Additionally, the availability of oral administration ensures those with limited reading abilities will be able to take the test and understand it. The actual image of the test is rather plain and simple.It is presented in a straight forward, non-confusing manner. Form Q is presented in a yes or no format and Form M gives a scale that allows a rating from one to five with one clearly labeled as always and five as never. There is nothing that stands out about the appearance of the test. It is acceptable in terms that it is easy to use and understand for the participant.The straightforward nature of the test makes it easy to comprehend. Form Q is a choice of two answers, which is well suited for the intended age group. Form M gives a scale that allows for a more descriptive analysis of answers. The test is intended to be interpreted by the participant reading and answering on their own, but the availability of oral administration allows for the test to be easy to take for all levels of comprehension. The administration directions are quite clear and leave no room for question as to how it is to be done. The test is to be given in a ten to fifteen minute time period. It is manually administered, taken and scored. Scoring is based upon the scales given in the manual. It is advised that scoring be done und er the supervision of a professional trained in psychology.This test has many weaknesses. It is not fully backed by research and is not completely validated. It lacks major aspects of an acceptable test, including the fact that scoring results are often inconsistent. The scoring scales are not consistent with each other and there are no sub-tests to give an in depth look into the results. Additionally, the lack of a reliable normative sample group is very concerning to a professional who is in need of a test that is reliable and valid. The major strengths of the test is the actual make up of the test. It is easy to understand and easy to score.This test would be best used for a general idea of a person state of anxiety. It should be used in combination with other symptomatic measures and not as a sole source of diagnosis. In order to make this test more effective and useful to a professional, it should be updated with more normative sample group tests, a break up scoring system and more definition as to the age levels for each test. Additionally, it would be helpful to include more differentiating information based upon specific age and race. If updated, it should also be closely examined to fit into standards for tests of this nature. theatrical roleMerenda, Peter F. (2004). Review of the anxiety scales for children and adults. University ofRhode Island.Oehler-Stinnett, Judy. (2004). Review of the anxiety scales for children and adults. OklahomaState University.Wood, Richard J. and Zalaquett, Carlos P.(ED). (1998). Evaluating Stress A word of honorof resources, Volume I. Scarecrow Press.

Technology and Traditional Skills

Over the last half century, modern engineering science has developed dramatically world wide and many people fork out been facinated this trend. On the other hand, it is a significant fact that traditional skills and a way of life have been faded rapidly. this phenomenon has also brought several(prenominal) issues in modern societies. In my opinion, the immenseness of traditional skills and customs shoud be recognized by individuals. This turn up will examine three aspects of advantages of preserving the traditional skills and customs.Fist of all, traditional practices often increase a horse sense of community and a social cohesion. For instance, national festivals have a significant meaning in scathe of clutural and historical information. As people realize the importance of their heritage through the festival, they can improve their nationalism and sympathy with a social bonding.Secondly, the inheritance of traditional methods and social customs have a profond jolt on next generations. For example, folklore, historical stories and songs can be the best way to teach children how to learn a moral and wisdoms to live in societies. These children will be able to interact with other people when they make up and start working in the community. In addition, these children who learned a moral and wisdoms through the education of traditional skills and knowledge will contribute to next generations.Furthermore, following conventional skills play a merry role not only to social cohesion but also to preserve surroundings. Convention skills such(prenominal) as walking towards a distination and using handmade products are all easy on environment because these practices are often harmless the nature due to saving petrol and redusing wastes. Thus these conventional practices change peolpe to learn how to protect environment.By comparison, technology has brought unpleasant problems world wide. Peolpe who are addicted to the Internet have a tendency of a lack of c ommunication skills and sympathies with orther people. Hence some sociologists are apprehensive that crimes among one-year-old people have been increasing due to the prevalence of the technological development.In conclusion, people should realize the importance of trafditional customs and skills because these practices have great advantages and it contributes positive influence to people in societies and the future.

Modern leaders still use Machiavelli's The Prince approach to, Essay

Modern leaders pipe down use Machiavellis The Prince approach to, politics - turn up ExampleThis classic of political science has retained its relevance tidy sum the five centuries it has survived to come down to us, and leaders of various reputes have been acquainted with it, and consciously or sub-consciously followed its principles. Modern leadership in the twentieth and twenty-first century are no exception, and examples of Machiavellian wisdom abound from Stalin and Hitler, to Ronald Reagan, Nixon and George Bush.One of the most collision pronouncements that Machiavelli made was absolutely rotatory in terms of accepting facts as they are, and not what they ought to be or portrayed to be in traditional political philosophies. He claims to talk about what really goes on behind the corridors of power and what a political aspirant should basically learn in order to set out to the topBecause how one ought to live is so far removed from how one lives that he who lets go of what is through for that which one ought to do sooner learns ruin than his own preservation because a man who might insufficiency to make a show of goodness in all things necessarily comes to ruin among so many who are not good. Because of this it is necessary for a prince, wanting to maintain himself, to learn how to be able to be not good and to use this and not use it according to necessity.( Machiavelli, 1513)Joseph Stalin, a totalitarian leader was a self-confessed admirer of Machiavelli, and sought to maintain his supremacy through being not good. He validated torture and oppression by plainly declaring that anyone who did not agree with him was in fact and foeman of the state and deserved to be punished as suchStalin originated the concept enemy of the people. This term mechanically rendered it unnecessary that the ideological errors of a man or men engaged in a argumentation be proven this term made possible the usage of the most cruel repression, violating all norms of revolu tionary legality, against anyone who in any way disagreed with Stalin, against those who were only suspected of hostile intent, against those who had bad reputations. ( Russian Institute-orgname, 1956)But on the other hand, Stalin brilliantly followed the other machiavellian concept of appearing to be very good, where Machiavelli strictly instructs a political aspirant to always appear totally benevolent, A prince, therefore, must be very painstaking never to let anything slip from his lips which is not full of the five qualities mentioned above he should appear, upon seeing and earshot him, to be all mercy, all faithfulness, all integrity, all kindness, all religion. Stalin really took care to arrive at a myth around himself about being a caring humanitarian gentleman, despite very being a merciless and manipulative despotAs brutal despots have learned end-to-end the centuries, and as Machiavelli counseled, Stalin could show himself to be a caring, even benevolent father figure . .....Even today, among some older Russians a strong nostalgia persists for Uncle Joseph, a kindly, all-seeing, and all-caring man who never really existed but lives on that way in the myths that still surround him. (Dvoretsky, Fugate, 1997)Another devotee of Machiavelli was the infamous Hitler, the scourge of our modern times who deceived the Germans into believing their superiority as the